Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was originated first in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it is known to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS CoV-2). The management of COVID-19 could be achieved by means of the usage of the repurposed drugs, inhibiting the viral entry and/or viral fusion such as umifenovir, Baricitinib, Camostat mesylate, Nafamostat mesylate, and the drugs blocking the viral replication, which include favipiravir, remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.
Objective: Along with the drugs that target the SARS-CoV-2 virus, adjunctive therapies are also employed. This review focuses on the adjuvant therapies employed to manage the COVID-19-associated complications, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, cardiac injury, coagulopathy, and multi-organ failure.
Methods: The literature was searched in databases such as Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, EMBASE, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to identify relevant articles.
Results: Various studies have been identified for the use of corticosteroids, interferons, monoclonal antibodies, etoposide, ruxolitinib, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, mesenchymal stem cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and inhaled nitric oxide (NO) as adjuvant therapy to manage the patients with COVID-19 along with the repurposed drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: The safety and efficacy of adjuvant therapy are needed to be confirmed by various ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials.
Keywords: SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, adjuvant therapy, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, coagulopathy.
Graphical Abstract
Coronaviruses
Title:Adjuvant Therapies of COVID-19 - A Literature Review
Volume: 2 Issue: 10
Author(s): Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen*
Affiliation:
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai,United Arab Emirates
Keywords: SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, adjuvant therapy, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, coagulopathy.
Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was originated first in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it is known to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS CoV-2). The management of COVID-19 could be achieved by means of the usage of the repurposed drugs, inhibiting the viral entry and/or viral fusion such as umifenovir, Baricitinib, Camostat mesylate, Nafamostat mesylate, and the drugs blocking the viral replication, which include favipiravir, remdesivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.
Objective: Along with the drugs that target the SARS-CoV-2 virus, adjunctive therapies are also employed. This review focuses on the adjuvant therapies employed to manage the COVID-19-associated complications, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, cardiac injury, coagulopathy, and multi-organ failure.
Methods: The literature was searched in databases such as Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, EMBASE, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to identify relevant articles.
Results: Various studies have been identified for the use of corticosteroids, interferons, monoclonal antibodies, etoposide, ruxolitinib, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, mesenchymal stem cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and inhaled nitric oxide (NO) as adjuvant therapy to manage the patients with COVID-19 along with the repurposed drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: The safety and efficacy of adjuvant therapy are needed to be confirmed by various ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Maideen Mohamed Pakkir Naina *, Adjuvant Therapies of COVID-19 - A Literature Review, Coronaviruses 2021; 2 (10) : e170821190562 . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666796702666210121144902
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666796702666210121144902 |
Print ISSN 2666-7967 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2666-7975 |
![](/images/wayfinder.jpg)
- Author Guidelines
- Bentham Author Support Services (BASS)
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Oxidative Stress in the ICU
Current Nutrition & Food Science Synthesis, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of an Apocynin- Derived Dihydrocoumarin
Medicinal Chemistry Analysis of QTc Interval during Levofloxacin Prescription in Cardiac Patients with Pneumonia
Current Drug Safety Application of Resveratrol in Diabetes: Rationale, Strategies and Challenges
Current Molecular Medicine The Complex Inter-Relationship Between Diabetes and Schizophrenia
Current Diabetes Reviews Emerging Therapies for Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical Overview
Current Diabetes Reviews The Relationships between the Transforming Growth Factor-β 1, Age and the Ultrasound Parameters of Arterial Wall
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Risk Factors and Potential Preventive Measures for Vascular Disease Progression in Hemodialysis Patients
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Prosthetic Devices with Functionalized Anti-biofilm Surface Based NanoAg@C18
Current Organic Chemistry The Brain Protective Effect of rTMS (Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) in Depression: A Mini-Review in Animal Studies
Medicinal Chemistry Synthetic 2-Methoxyestradiol Derivatives: Structure-Activity Relationships
Current Medicinal Chemistry Management of Vasculopathy in Connective Tissue Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide Association in the Treatment of Hypertension
Current Vascular Pharmacology ABC Transporters in Extrahepatic Tissues: Pharmacological Regulation in Heart and Intestine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Omentin: Linking Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Detailed Review on Herbal Treatments for Treatment of PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Current Nutraceuticals Integrin Function and Signaling as Pharmacological Targets in Cardiovascular Diseases and in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Drug Targets in Malaria Parasite with Potential to Yield Antimalarial Drugs with Long Useful Therapeutic Lives
Current Pharmaceutical Design A proteomics based approach for the identification of gastric cancer related markers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exploring Modifications in Fetal Telomere Programming in Mothers Exposed to Multiple Risk Factors
Current Women`s Health Reviews