Abstract
Liver cancer/Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death and represents an important cause of mortality worldwide. Several biomarkers are overexpressed in liver cancer, such as Glypican 3 (GPC3) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). These biomarkers play important roles in the progression of tumors and could serve as imaging and therapeutic targets for this disease. Peptides with adequate stability, receptor binding properties, and biokinetic behavior have been intensively studied for liver cancer imaging. A great variety of them have been radiolabeled with clinically relevant radionuclides for liver cancer diagnosis, and many are promising imaging and therapeutic candidates for clinical translation. Herein, we summarize the advancement of radiolabeled peptides for the targeted imaging of liver cancer.
Keywords: Liver cancer, GPC3, EGFR, c-Met, VEGF, radiolabeled peptides.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492] [PMID: 30207593]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1713263] [PMID: 30970190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30010-2] [PMID: 29307467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00345] [PMID: 31275846]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2553] [PMID: 25333267]
[PMID: 17234139]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.4300] [PMID: 18666317]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27831] [PMID: 25846953]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.21966] [PMID: 18069697]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21161] [PMID: 23070690]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21332] [PMID: 26742998]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature26140] [PMID: 29562234]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41571-018-0073-4] [PMID: 30061739]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002889] [PMID: 30080736]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000381] [PMID: 24374519]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.05.020] [PMID: 21756858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61347-0] [PMID: 22353262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00534-009-0165-8] [PMID: 19760139]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lt.20040] [PMID: 14762838]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2549] [PMID: 25333265]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2614] [PMID: 25310259]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.05.007] [PMID: 28826523]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91258-0] [PMID: 2563413]
[PMID: 14207501]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91676-0] [PMID: 4122743]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197410)34:8+<1510::aid-cncr2820340824>3.0.co;2-y] [PMID: 4138906]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3091] [PMID: 21169406]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i12.1632] [PMID: 26140083]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0099] [PMID: 23780344]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.024] [PMID: 21112773]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4145] [PMID: 24113830]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2012.02.004] [PMID: 22440008]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.108.056929] [PMID: 19372467]
[PMID: 17015908]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.083592] [PMID: 21321280]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568011013354877] [PMID: 12678771]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-224] [PMID: 18505598]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.275] [PMID: 26755876]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JHC.S116513] [PMID: 27878117]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2018.09.004] [PMID: 30352677]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00689-9] [PMID: 12851874]
[PMID: 9371521]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgu245] [PMID: 25542894]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10856] [PMID: 12478660]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2191] [PMID: 15059894]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12022-016-9442-7] [PMID: 27300354]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.26996] [PMID: 24492943]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24404] [PMID: 23060277]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.140871] [PMID: 24496449]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24941] [PMID: 19816934]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1217868110] [PMID: 23471984]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00908-2] [PMID: 12788060]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.071] [PMID: 27240010]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2006.05.016] [PMID: 16949914]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181992455] [PMID: 19550373]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00535-013-0793-2] [PMID: 23532638]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1543-2165-132.11.1723] [PMID: 18976006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/med.21455] [PMID: 28621802]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2017-0367] [PMID: 30091395]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.089] [PMID: 24836949]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.132118] [PMID: 24627434]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.114.145102 ] [PMID: 25359880]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-017-2517-z] [PMID: 29204748]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00030] [PMID: 26850086]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.1400P] [PMID: 21976137]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8BM01016A] [PMID: 30417190]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201600335] [PMID: 27862961]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00966-2] [PMID: 12297041]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0093-7754(02)70087-0] [PMID: 12422310]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000282357] [PMID: 1357809]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10684] [PMID: 12209745]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.18.1375] [PMID: 11562388]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-8428(94)00144-I] [PMID: 7612182]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0093-7754(01)90284-2] [PMID: 11706398]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16854] [PMID: 28430586]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon.16.19] [PMID: 26984362]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr980436l] [PMID: 11749481]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.109.062117 ] [PMID: 19617320]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-117002] [PMID: 19124558]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471010666170519165430] [PMID: 28530534]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520616666160907142130] [PMID: 27604575]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2016-0426] [PMID: 28110557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2016-0426] [PMID: 28110557]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.012] [PMID: 18692120]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp400007k] [PMID: 23531079]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0793-6] [PMID: 22653667]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.896057] [PMID: 24670093]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mtna.2013.58] [PMID: 24193032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40199-017-0179-8] [PMID: 28464952]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3296] [PMID: 25997858]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.11.003] [PMID: 30578136]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2616-5] [PMID: 30039310]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0160] [PMID: 17947470]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2010.0820] [PMID: 21204764]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00231] [PMID: 26133708]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.29496] [PMID: 28862760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gcc.20604] [PMID: 18709663]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon.16.3] [PMID: 26984595]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5445] [PMID: 25987766]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.009] [PMID: 24045150]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2791] [PMID: 23388504]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds520] [PMID: 23110808]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3012] [PMID: 21102609]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.102293] [PMID: 22917884]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.124941] [PMID: 24614223]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0035 ] [PMID: 17947467]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199024] [PMID: 29894497]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.164384] [PMID: 26635342]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.164] [PMID: 17214965]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc8005539] [PMID: 19534520]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.036] [PMID: 20538463]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.206730] [PMID: 29777004]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.20340] [PMID: 21698655]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11307-016-1014-1] [PMID: 27743211]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3641] [PMID: 26168295]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604784] [PMID: 19018262]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12459] [PMID: 25472913]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3531] [PMID: 24958469]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4102] [PMID: 17363594]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.046] [PMID: 20141840]
[PMID: 11507045]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35025220] [PMID: 11001068]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.10.088] [PMID: 12409337]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1910] [PMID: 16794635]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208246] [PMID: 15735759]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21865] [PMID: 16671089]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24193] [PMID: 19197998]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21145] [PMID: 15952180]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0915141107] [PMID: 20190181]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.05.005] [PMID: 29885559]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1983.tb03081.x] [PMID: 6826285]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.20219] [PMID: 15729688]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.3222] [PMID: 25294311]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-2359] [PMID: 18347144]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn201397z] [PMID: 21615170]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33511] [PMID: 27649935]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.043] [PMID: 22959183]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31181] [PMID: 17600321]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-008-3577-0] [PMID: 18791664]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-09-0339] [PMID: 20145035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.29829] [PMID: 29405333]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1238-6] [PMID: 22354143]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.114.149583] [PMID: 25977461]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2012.07.002] [PMID: 22781499]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.4024] [PMID: 22737187]
[PMID: 18225576]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.004] [PMID: 20851156]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2015.32] [PMID: 26227823]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cgt.2015.32] [PMID: 26227823]