Semiconductor Nanomaterials

The physical and chemical characteristics of semiconductor materials radically alter as their size is shrunk to the nanoscale, giving rise to unusual traits because of their enormous surface area or quantum size effect. Despite being at the research stage right now, semiconductor nanomaterials and devices hold great promise for use in a variety of sectors, including solar cells, nanoscale electronics, lightemitting nanodevices, laser technology, waveguides, pharmaceuticals, and biosensors. The semiconductors will undoubtedly experience substantial advancements as nanotechnology continues to advance. The entire mechanism is regulated with the help of band theory, which includes valence band, conduction band and an energy gap, also considered forbidden gaps. These semiconductors when converted into nano sizes are corresponded to nanoparticles, which have the potential to accommodate various functionalities due to the reduced size, which increases the surface area for better function, adsorption, efficiency, and other things as discussed in the book chapter. This chapter also focuses on some of the most important activities now underway and problems that must be solved to enhance nanostructures and nanodevices based on semiconductors.