Labial Immunological Diseases

Autoimmune diseases are caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins present in the skin and mucosa. The oral mucosa is frequently affected in these diseases, in particular by lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and pemphigus. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous and may present clinically with erythema, erosions and ulcers localized on the oral mucosa, causing a plethora of local and systemic symptoms, including pain, dysphagia, difficulty in eating and speaking and general malaise. The multiplicity and similarity of the clinical manifestations of these pathologies make an accurate diagnosis based only on the clinic extremely difficult. Therefore, to make a correct differential diagnosis, the clinic must be accompanied by a histopathological examination. The management of oral lesions accompanied by painful symptoms is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The main purpose of treatment is usually directed at reducing the pain and discomfort caused, controlling the worsening of the disease, and preventing complications.