Percutaneous Spinal Endoscopic Procedures in Adjacent Segmental Disease after Lumbar Fusion

Adjacent segment degeneration and disease (ASD) following spinal fusion surgery can pose challenges, and various surgical approaches have been developed to address this condition. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the current literature, including clinical studies, comparing the outcomes of endoscopic and open surgical techniques in patients affected by ASD. The authors' analysis reveals that endoscopic surgery demonstrates comparable effectiveness in pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction while offering potential advantages such as reduced tissue trauma, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. This chapter also discusses each surgical approach's technical aspects, potential complications, and limitations in comparison to endoscopic decompression surgery for ASD. The evidence suggests that endoscopic surgery is a viable alternative to conventional open surgery for treating adjacent spondylosis. However, further research and long-term follow-up studies are necessary to better establish its long-term efficacy and durability.