Menstrual Cycle and Common Menstrual Problems

Menstruation, also commonly referred to as a period, is a woman's monthly cycle of consistent vaginal bleeding. Every month, the female body prepares for pregnancy. The maintenance and preparation of the uterine lining to receive an embryo are governed by the uterine cycle. The typical duration of these cycles, which are contemporaneous and coordinated, ranges from 21 to 35 days, with a median of 28 days, and they persist for roughly 30 to 45 years. If there is no pregnancy, the uterus, also known as the womb, loses its lining and is released as menstrual blood, which is composed of both blood and uterine tissue. Menstrual disorders can be brought on by a wide range of variables, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic predispositions, clotting issues, pelvic illnesses, dietary patterns, etc. As a result, new lifestyle choices like eating junk food and doing less exercise are having a negative impact on women's menstrual cycles. Menstruation is a normal part of life, but individuals often complain about cultural taboos associated with it. The prevention of numerous current and future gynecological issues, such as infertility, obesity, and polycystic ovaries, depends on improving menstrual health. In this chapter, we will discuss common menstrual problems, their prognosis, types of common, the concept of menarche and stages in the menstrual cycle, menstrual hygiene practices, menstruation in Indian adolescent girls, and management of menstrual problems.