Remediation of Wastewater Using Biotechnological Techniques

Wastewater contamination is increasing day by day because of increase in industrial operations and anthropogenic activities. Wastewater is a by product of industrial and domestic operations which is directly disposed into the environment and contain large amount of toxic materials harmful for human, animals as well as environment. Wastewater coming from industries is highly contaminated hence its recovery is a major concern. Developing countries and less developed countries generate large amount of wastewater in comparison to developed countries. Biotechnology provides best solution to get rid of this problem. Different technique/methods such as use of activated sludge, trickling filters, biosorption, bioaccumulation, use of nanoparticles play a major role in treatment of water. Role of microorganisms via microbial fuel cells and membrane biofilm bioreactors have also been used for removing metals present in wastewater. This chapter aims to provide complete information about biotechnological approaches for wastewater treatment in a cost- effective manner along with complete removal of sludge and toxic compounds.