Platelet-Rich Plasma and its Derivatives for Tissue Engineering

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a well-established biological product used in the tissue engineering field to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. PRP can form platelet gel with the addition of thrombin and/or calcium salts. Nonetheless, PRP is more commonly combined with biomaterial and cells for various tissue engineering applications. Over the years, PRP has been used in the dermatology field for hair follicle regeneration and wound healing, in the orthopaedic field for bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament repair, and in dentistry for many dental procedures, including dental implants. Despite the long historical use of PRP in the clinic, the PRP isolation technique is still continuously changing, evolving, and improving to increase the therapeutic effect of PRP. Nowadays, PRP is not only used as a biomaterial but it also can be used to replace foetal bovine serum and human serum in primary cell culture, especially for cell therapy purposes. PRP derivatives such as platelet lysate, plateletderived growth factors, and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles also are precious functional materials used clinically in the tissue engineering field. In this book chapter, we review the different subclasses of PRP, including its derivatives, its research, and clinical applications, and underline the challenges of PRP in clinical translations.