Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials via Plant Extracts

Nanoparticles (NPs) have become a hot research material in many fields, such as catalysis, sensing, clinical diagnosis, medical treatment, antimicrobial agents, and environmental remediation, due to their small size, high surface area, high reactivity, and unique optical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties. The type, morphology, size, and surface function modification of NPs determine their performance and application scope. The development of green, simple, and controllable NP synthesis methods is an important research direction at present. The biosynthesis of NPs is a kind of green synthesis method that uses organisms or biomolecules to reduce NP precursors. The reaction conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, and there is no need for expensive equipment or harmful chemicals. It has been developed into an important branch of nanobiotic technology. This chapter summarizes the latest progress in the synthesis of NPs from different plant tissue extracts. It also summarizes the biosynthesis mechanism and application of NPs, analyzes the main problems faced by the biosynthesis method, and prospects its future research direction.