Taurine and the Renal System: Effects on Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism

Renal tissue is the main organ responsible for regulating the human taurine (TAU) pools. A large amount of intact (un-metabolized) TAU is excreted through the urine daily. On the other hand, it has been found that TAU plays a fundamental role in renal function. Several physiological roles, including regulating the blood flow, acting as an osmolyte, and controlling ions transport, are attributed to TAU in the kidneys. Besides, many investigations revealed that TAU could provide several pharmacological roles in renal disorders. It has been found that the antioxidant properties of TAU, its effects on processes such as the renin-angiotensin system, nitric oxide synthesis, and, most importantly, the regulation of mitochondrial function in the kidney could play a fundamental role in the pharmacological effects of this amino acid in the kidney. The current chapter provides a brief review of TAU's fundamental role in renal function. Then, the beneficial effects of TAU administration in renal disease are highlighted, focusing on the impact of this compound on mitochondria-related mechanisms. The data collected in this chapter might shed light on the potential clinical application of TAU as a safe drug candidate against a wide range of renal diseases.