Role of Nanofertilizers in Agriculture-Futuristic Approach

Chemical fertilizers are crucial in the production of cost-effective agricultural crops. However, long-term usage of chemical fertilizers will deteriorate the soil quality and it is hazardous to human health. Scientists and researchers across the globe are seeking the help of nanotechnology as a possible solution to combat the hazardous effect of chemical fertilizers. Nanotechnology is a branch of science and engineering concerned with the matter at the nanoscale or one billionth of a meter. Nanofertilizers are modified fertilizers that are synthesized using techniques of nanotechnology involving various physicochemical and biological methods. These methods aid in enhancing their attributes and composition, which leads to a positive effect on crop productivity. Nanofertilizers are far more beneficial when compared to chemical fertilizers as the former are cost-effective, less toxic and show controlled and regulated release of nutrients to plants. This chapter is primarily concerned with the various methods employed in nanofertilizer synthesis, the economic importance of nanofertilizers and their advantage over conventional chemical fertilizers.