Resealed Erythrocytes: As A Drug Delivery Tool

Being the most abundant cell in the human body, resealed erythrocytes have been utilized as a promising natural biological carrier for therapeutic delivery. In various therapeutics, delivery resealed erythrocytes are found to be an alternative delivery approach with overcoming toxic and rapid clearance effects, such as enzymeloaded bioreactors performing vital reaction along with improving the enzymes circulation time, as drug-loaded carrier affords sustained release of drug and in drug, targeting delivers drugs release in specific target organs without recognition by the immune system. From the research level to clinical development, it has been observed that the drug carrier expedition faces many regulatory and industrial process development challenges. Resealed erythrocytes possess many remarkable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, long circulation and flexibility to encapsulate a wide variety of therapeutic compounds via employing different chemical and physical methods. It is possible to obtain resealed RBCs by collecting them from the source of concern (e.g., humans, rats, rabbits, pigs, and so forth) through blood samples following the separation of RBCs. A number of techniques are then used for effective drug loadings, including hypotonic dialysis, hypotonic dilution, hypotonic preswelling, endocytosis, lipid fusion, electric cell fusion, and chemical disturbance. Up to date, resealed erythrocytes have been explored as a carrier for various therapeutic drug substances (antiviral, anti-inflammatory, steroids and anticancer, etc.), enzymes, antibiotics, and diagnostic agents. The main objective of this chapter is to emphasize the advantages, limitations, source, isolation, loading methodology, characterization parameters, and finally, to pay attention to in-vivo studies, clinical applications, and future potential of resealed erythrocytes.