Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread diagnosis that affects many children and adolescents’ ability to function and succeed in academics, socially, or other situations. Non-stimulant medications have become widely utilized in this population, especially in stimulant-resistant individuals, whether due to poor efficacy or intolerance of side effects. However, these, too, harbor their own side effect profiles, including cardiovascular and sleep or energy level disturbances.
Objectives: We review the literature in discussion of the presentation and management of these adverse events for non-stimulant medications for ADHD, with a particular focus on atomoxetine and alpha agonists guanfacine and clonidine.
Conclusion: Non-stimulants are for the most part well tolerated but monitoring for cardiac and sleep difficulty is warranted.
Keywords: Mental health, children and adolescents, psychopharmacology, ADHD, attention deficit disorder, atomoxetine, alpha agonists.
Graphical Abstract
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