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Anti-Infective Agents

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ISSN (Print): 2211-3525
ISSN (Online): 2211-3533

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Review Article

Antifungal Resistance in Candida Species: A Bit from the Totality

In Press, (this is not the final "Version of Record"). Available online 24 June, 2024
Author(s): Ali Abdul Hussein S. AL-Janabi*
Published on: 24 June, 2024

Article ID: e240624231252

DOI: 10.2174/0122113525309478240528081719

Price: $95

Abstract

Resistance to antifungals is one of the natural protection processes developed by fungi to promote their persistence. Exposure of fungi to these agents over long periods due to improper prescription or a contaminated environment increases the resistance problem. Microbiology related to fungal species and clinical settings related to the therapeutic failure of antifungal drugs are two concepts used to define resistance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement is the common criterion for determining antifungal resistance. Candida spp. is the most common group of fungi that has developed resistance to different antifungal agents. C. albicans has shown resistance to numerous antifungal agents from this genus, followed by non-albicans Candida (NAC). The majority of resistance is to the azole group of antifungal agents through various mechanisms. Resistance to echinocandins is also reported in many species of Candida, while resistance to polyene has been observed in rare cases. The mechanism of resistance action is generally related to a genetic mutation, which changes the mechanisms of diffusion, fungal structure, and drug degradation. Biofilm formation also contributes to antifungal resistance. Current information on the nature and mechanism of antifungal resistance in Candida spp. is briefly presented in this review.

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