Abstract
Polymers are supermolecules or huge molecules that have a central role as an excipient in any dosage formulation. Currently, the usage of polymers in drug formulation is often associated with numerous problems connected with drug release, side effects, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the utilization of water-soluble polymers and polymeric nanoparticles has been favoured to minimize these types of problems. Polymers can be found in natural and synthetic resources and they are manipulated according to their chemical and biological activity in cells and tissues. Their major advantages include improving therapeutic efficacy, reduced toxicity, loading capacity, drug release rate, greater efficacy, targeted delivery, prolonged circulation time, and physical and chemical stability. Thus, this review focuses on the classifications of polymers such as HPMC, HEC, CMC, PVP, Pectin, chitosan, alginate polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyphenylene, polyaniline, etc., the needs and drawbacks of herbal polymers, factors affecting biodegradation polymers, key properties of water-soluble polymers as well as their properties. This review also deals with various commercial biopolymers and the associated challenges. The properties of polymeric nanoparticles (PNP) as drug carriers and their diverse applications are discussed. PNPs such as polymeric micelles, niosome, dendrimers, liposomes and colloidal carriers composed of biodegradable polymers are widely used drug carriers. PNPs are produced to decrease toxicity, improve therapeutic efficacy, and increase drug permeation due to good compatibility with lipophilic and oil-soluble drugs. The performance of polymers is an important factor in current biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the formulation of PNP focuses on improving applications in nanotechnology.
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