Abstract
Aircraft morphing wings, also known as adaptive wings or shape-variable wings, represent a revolutionary development in the field of aerospace engineering. Inspired by the adaptability observed in birds and insects during flight, researchers have been exploring potential applications of morphing wing technology to enhance the performance and efficiency of aircraft. This innovative technology holds the promise of improving aerodynamic efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, and enhancing overall flight maneuverability. This manuscript aims to explore and analyze the potential applications and effects of morphing wing technology for aircraft. Furthermore, this paper aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the principles and implications of morphing wing technology for aircraft and to assess its potential advantages in terms of flight performance, handling characteristics, and energy efficiency. Based on different driving mechanisms, patents related to aircraft morphing wings were systematically categorized and summarized, highlighting the most typical intra-wing and extra-wing deformations. Through an examination of patents related to aircraft morphing wings, various morphing wing technologies' unique characteristics were summarized. A comparative analysis of different deformation methods revealed their respective strengths and limitations. The paper concludes with a summary of current technical challenges facing morphing wing technology and a forward-looking exploration of its future trends and directions. Categorizing aircraft morphing wings into intra-wing and extra-wing deformations based on the method of deformation, this paper elaborates on the operational principles, advantages, and limitations of these two categories. Compared to traditional fixed wings, morphing wings exhibit superior flight performance, and it is anticipated that more patents will be developed in the future.
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