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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Review Article

Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in SARS CoV-2 Patients

In Press, (this is not the final "Version of Record"). Available online 24 May, 2024
Author(s): Shweta Chahal, Rojin G. Raj* and Ranjeet Kumar
Published on: 24 May, 2024

Article ID: e240524230298

DOI: 10.2174/0115733998290807240522045553

Price: $95

Abstract

Recent studies have found that a link between people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at higher risk of morbidity as well as mortality from COVID-19 infection, indicating a need for vaccination. T1DM appears to impair innate and adaptive immunity. The overabundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in COVID-19 illness that is severe and potentially fatal is known as a "cytokine storm." Numerous cohorts have revealed chronic inflammation as a key risk factor for unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and other cytokines were found in higher concentrations in patients with T1DM. Even more importantly, oxidative stress contributes significantly to the severity and course of COVID- 19's significant role in the progression and severity of COVID-19 diseases. Severe glucose excursions, a defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes, are widely recognized for their potent role as mediating agents of oxidative stress via several routes, such as heightened production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, persistent endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulation found in T1DM may impair microcirculation and endothelium, which could result in the development of various organ failure and acute breathing syndrome.

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