Cardiac Injury Following Chemo/Radiation Therapy: An Updated Review
on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Krishanveer      Singh; Ameer      A. Alameri; Ammar      Ali Hamza; Moaed      E. Al-Gazally; Sarvar      Temurovich  Islomov; Rasha      Fadhel Obaid; Andrés      Alexis  Ramírez-Coronel; Munther      Abosaooda; Rasoul      Yahyapour; Masoud      Najafi
doi:10.2174/1874471016666230214101830
Abstract

Cardiovascular disorders are among the critical side effects of cancer therapy. Damage to the function and normal structure of the heart can cause serious threats to patients that are being treated for cancer. Cardiovascular complications may be induced by various types of chemotherapy drugs and also radiation therapy. The severity of cardiovascular toxicity depends on several factors, such as types of drugs, tumor location for radiotherapy, the presence of cardiac disease history, the dose of drugs or ionizing radiation, etc. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause heart diseases through various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, fibrosis, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), etc. Chronic inflammation following damage to a huge number of cells can trigger more accumulation of inflammatory cells and chronic release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Oxidative stress can induce more cell death and cardiac remodeling through damage to vessels and valvular and disruption of the normal structure of the extracellular matrix. These changes may lead to cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis, and vascular disorders that may lead to heart attack and death. This review provides basic information on cellular and molecular mechanisms of different types of cardiovascular disorders following cancer therapy by radiation or chemotherapy. We also recommend some adjuvants and targets to reduce the risk of heart toxicity by radiation/chemotherapy.
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471016666230214101830	Print ISSN 1874-4710
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1874-4729
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