Abstract
Inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family, CTLA-4 and PD-1 deliver negative signals that regulate the balance between T cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology. Manipulation of these pathways has been utilized by pathogens and tumors to establish chronic infections or to promote tumor survival. In this review, we examine the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in regulating immune response and discuss their therapeutic potential during aging.
Keywords: Inhibitory, T cell, CTLA-4, PD-1
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Use of the Inhibitory Receptors for Modulating the Immune Responses
Volume: 14 Issue: 26
Author(s): S. M. Henson, R. Macaulay, S. Kiani-Alikhan and A. N. Akbar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Inhibitory, T cell, CTLA-4, PD-1
Abstract: Inhibitory receptors of the CD28 family, CTLA-4 and PD-1 deliver negative signals that regulate the balance between T cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology. Manipulation of these pathways has been utilized by pathogens and tumors to establish chronic infections or to promote tumor survival. In this review, we examine the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in regulating immune response and discuss their therapeutic potential during aging.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Henson M. S., Macaulay R., Kiani-Alikhan S. and Akbar N. A., The Use of the Inhibitory Receptors for Modulating the Immune Responses, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2008; 14 (26) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208786264124
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208786264124 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Intraoperative Targeted Optical Imaging: A Guide towards Tumor-Free Margins in Cancer Surgery
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Positron Emitting Tracers in Pre-Clinical Drug Development
Current Radiopharmaceuticals A Common Pathway for All Autoimmune Diseases? The Unholy Alliance of Environment, Cell Death and Nucleic Acids
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 - The Oncogene and its Accomplices
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antiangiogenic Gene Therapy in Cancer
Current Genomics NADPH Oxidases NOXs and DUOXs as Putative Targets for Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Dendrimers As Vectors for Genetic Material Delivery to the Nervous System
Current Medicinal Chemistry Telomeric G-Quadruplex Architecture and Interactions with Potential Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design KIAA0101 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Pro-Oncogenic Cell Signaling Machinery as a Target for Oncolytic Viruses
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Known Triterpenes and their Derivatives as Scaffolds for the Development of New Therapeutic Agents for Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Melatonin and Respiratory Diseases: A Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Antiangiogenic Resistance and Cancer Metabolism: Opportunities for Synthetic Lethality
Current Drug Targets Preclinical Molecular Imaging of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) in a Metastases Model Based on Breast Cancer Xenografts Propagated in the Murine Brain
Current Molecular Medicine Endocannabinoid Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons: More than Physiology?
Current Neuropharmacology HIF-1α Modulates Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells by Inducing Over-Expression of Specific Glycolytic Isoforms
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma Multiforme and other Malignant Neoplasms
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacokinetics of Biotech Drugs: Peptides, Proteins and Monoclonal Antibodies
Current Drug Metabolism PI-3 Kinase-PTEN Signaling Node: An Intercept Point for the Control of Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Impact of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry