Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia

Title: Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia

Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Author(s): Karni S. Moshal, Clacy K. Camel, Ganesh K. Kartha, Mesia M. Steed, Neetu Tyagi, Utpal Sen, Y. James Kang, David Lominadze, Claudio Maldonado and Suresh C. Tyagi

Affiliation:

Keywords: Heart failure, calpain, hypertension, vascular remodeling, ECM, calcium channel, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, LVH

Abstract: Although cardiac synchronization is important in maintaining myocardial performance, the mechanism of dys-synchronization in ailing to failing myocardium is unclear. It is known that the cardiac myocyte contracts and relaxes individually; however, it synchronizes only when connected to one another by low resistance communications called gap junction protein (connexins) and extra cellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the remodeling of connexins and ECM in heart failure plays an important role in cardiac conduction, synchronization and arrhythmias. This review for the first time addresses the role of systemic accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in vasospasm, pressure and volume overload heart failure, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The attenuation of calcium-dependent mitochondrial (mt), endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS, eNOS and nNOS) by Hcy plays a significant role in cardiac arrhythmias. The signal transduction mechanisms in Hcy-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in cardiac connexin remodeling are discussed.

Cite this article as:

Moshal S. Karni, Camel K. Clacy, Kartha K. Ganesh, Steed M. Mesia, Tyagi Neetu, Sen Utpal, Kang James Y., Lominadze David, Maldonado Claudio and Tyagi C. Suresh, Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia, Current Neurovascular Research 2007; 4 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720207782446324