Frontiers in Parasitology

Volume: 1

Mechanisms Controlling Gene Expression in Trypanosomatids

Author(s): Santuza M. R. Teixeira and Bruna M. Valente

Pp: 261-290 (30)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681084053117010009

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

As members of a highly divergent group of eukaryotes, trypanosomatids present peculiar mechanisms of gene expression. These protozoan parasites have transcription and processing machineries that constitutively transcribe clusters of nonrelated genes into polycistronic pre-mRNAs, which are subsequently trans-spliced into monocistronic transcripts. Because of this, control of gene expression relies mainly on post-transcriptional mechanisms that are, for the most part, mediated by RNA binding proteins that control steady-state levels of mRNAs and/or their translation rates. Using primarily Trypanosoma brucei as a model, several groups have begun to elucidate the basic regulatory mechanisms and to define the cellular factors controlling transcription, processing, degradation and translation of mRNAs in trypanosomatids. This chapter describes studies that have been focused on a subset of genes that are differentially expressed during the life cycle of T. brucei, T. cruzi and few species of Leishmania. Although a predominance of regulatory pathways acting at a post-transcriptional level is found for most genes from all three parasites, it is also evident that the regulatory strategies chosen by different trypanosomatid species are not similar. Because of their complex and diversified gene regulatory machinery, T. brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. are able to respond rapidly to the drastic environmental changes they face during their life cycle, particularly when they move between their different hosts.


Keywords: Epigenetics, Gene expression, Polyadenylation, Post-transcription, RNA polymerase, RNA promoter, Trans-splicing, Transcription, Untranslated region, VSG.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version186msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[15:33:38] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (103ms)time
  • Application (83.4ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (55.21%)
    103ms
    1 x Application (44.79%)
    83.40ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed26.72ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59769557','',1,1740497619,1740497619) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740497619
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59769557','/chapter/9922',1,1740497619,1740497619)
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59769557 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59769557) limit 1
      11.83msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59769557
      • 1: 59769557
      • 2: 59769557
      • 3: 59769557
      • 4: 59769557
      • 5: 59769557
      • 6: 59769557
      • 7: 59769557
      • 8: 59769557
      • 9: 59769557
      • 10: 59769557
      • 11: 59769557
      • 12: 59769557
      • 13: 59769557
      • 14: 59769557
      • 15: 59769557
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '9922' limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 9922
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '9922' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 9922
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '9922'
      2.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 9922
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 626 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 626
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=626) and se.ebook_id!=626 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=626) and se.ebook_id!=626 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=626)
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=626) limit 10 offset 0
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 2201 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 2201
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 626 and ebook_volume_id <> 2201 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 626
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '9922' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2201' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2201) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2201) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2201)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9922) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9922) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59769557 and j.to_ip >=59769557 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497619 and j.to_date >= 1740497619 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9922)
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 2201 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497619 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497619 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 2201
      • 3: 1740497619
      • 4: 1740497619
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5282e4dadee6dae81f17cd2b6663f2ed'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        5r4U03OnV7XcYqhdvzN425UYnihEe3bkUAipb6Qx
        uc_cart_id
        5282e4dadee6dae81f17cd2b6663f2ed
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9922" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/9922
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlRVSUtOdGJzQkM4RFQwMjk3ckRsekE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWdHV2s1R0N6VGRNVVdiNFp3R1VnY1Y5Rk9Kd1crSklSSC9jTS9JeUtHWT0iLCJtYWMiOiI1ZjM0OTU4OTBmMDM0N2I2YTE4MTI3ZWY4NThlNGI5ZmNiNTVmNDgzMDRhZjU5YWU3MGU4Y2MyNWU4YmFkMmI1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlRVSUtOdGJzQkM4RFQwMjk3ckRsekE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWdHV2s1R0N6VGRNVVdiNFp3R1VnY1Y5Rk9Kd1crSklSSC9jTS9JeUtHWT0iLCJtYWMiOiI1ZjM0OTU4OTBmMDM0" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:33:39 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc2NFRuNTMreVo5TEVBTXkya0tpdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDV0MFl3T2o3c1BYekF1SGNndkk5d0FMYkZPazQ1SXNQaldnRnZ3Sng4QlU2bWJpdFdKbWltcWdMTEt6OUt4K2pPb3ltL0JpdWhISFE3dmRCcUFTKzhhRlRKZFFUZUhKRHY1dlpLVzYvZlZWUU5SY2hXdEdtMHdoUDRGZmhsS0UiLCJtYWMiOiI5OTNiODFkNGE2M2NiZWRhZTFkZjVkZDdkZTlhN2IwY2UxOTA5OTY3MWRjMDY0ZTQ1OWUyYTBhMmZlOWY0NDU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:33:39 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc2NFRuNTMreVo5TEVBTXkya0tpdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDV0MFl3T2o3c1BYekF1SGNndkk5d0FMYkZPazQ1SXNQaldnRnZ3Sng4QlU2bWJpdFdKbWltcWdMTEt6OUt4K2pPb3ltL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJiZ2JKc2tFQzlERmk3b1lVTFB5Qnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2tWSExSQjdGa1ZUM0VNaUFNU0dXYVRBdG5xcm5uTGY5NUpnVUk1OE5oTlFsb2t4Y3NEN3AwaktXNnVqdTRLTmltVDdNK3dzMHcyZjJoOTl6RFhuVVZmTUlYOTd0ZFU0UVJ5MVgrTmI0endBNkdYR3I0UHVMdFhESGZrNlNWK0YiLCJtYWMiOiI0NmQ3OTA2N2MwMDNlM2QxOTA2OWQ5Y2E5N2M5NmI3M2NkYjM3MjI3MDExODZiZWYzNGUzN2JjODc1ZDZiOTY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJiZ2JKc2tFQzlERmk3b1lVTFB5Qnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2tWSExSQjdGa1ZUM0VNaUFNU0dXYVRBdG5xcm5uTGY5NUpnVUk1OE5oTlFsb2t4Y3NEN3Awakt" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc2NFRuNTMreVo5TEVBTXkya0tpdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDV0MFl3T2o3c1BYekF1SGNndkk5d0FMYkZPazQ1SXNQaldnRnZ3Sng4QlU2bWJpdFdKbWltcWdMTEt6OUt4K2pPb3ltL0JpdWhISFE3dmRCcUFTKzhhRlRKZFFUZUhKRHY1dlpLVzYvZlZWUU5SY2hXdEdtMHdoUDRGZmhsS0UiLCJtYWMiOiI5OTNiODFkNGE2M2NiZWRhZTFkZjVkZDdkZTlhN2IwY2UxOTA5OTY3MWRjMDY0ZTQ1OWUyYTBhMmZlOWY0NDU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:33:39 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc2NFRuNTMreVo5TEVBTXkya0tpdHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDV0MFl3T2o3c1BYekF1SGNndkk5d0FMYkZPazQ1SXNQaldnRnZ3Sng4QlU2bWJpdFdKbWltcWdMTEt6OUt4K2pPb3ltL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJiZ2JKc2tFQzlERmk3b1lVTFB5Qnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2tWSExSQjdGa1ZUM0VNaUFNU0dXYVRBdG5xcm5uTGY5NUpnVUk1OE5oTlFsb2t4Y3NEN3AwaktXNnVqdTRLTmltVDdNK3dzMHcyZjJoOTl6RFhuVVZmTUlYOTd0ZFU0UVJ5MVgrTmI0endBNkdYR3I0UHVMdFhESGZrNlNWK0YiLCJtYWMiOiI0NmQ3OTA2N2MwMDNlM2QxOTA2OWQ5Y2E5N2M5NmI3M2NkYjM3MjI3MDExODZiZWYzNGUzN2JjODc1ZDZiOTY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJiZ2JKc2tFQzlERmk3b1lVTFB5Qnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT2tWSExSQjdGa1ZUM0VNaUFNU0dXYVRBdG5xcm5uTGY5NUpnVUk1OE5oTlFsb2t4Y3NEN3Awakt" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "5r4U03OnV7XcYqhdvzN425UYnihEe3bkUAipb6Qx" "uc_cart_id" => "5282e4dadee6dae81f17cd2b6663f2ed" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9922" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:33:39GET/chapter/99221121912