4D Fetal Echocardiography

The Examination of the Normal Fetal Heart

Author(s): Alessandra Toscano, Luciano Pasquini and Roberta Iacobelli

Pp: 20-28 (9)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805044411001010020

Abstract

The heart, anatomically and embryologically, is a segmented structure. The atria, the ventricles and the great arteries are the three major fundamental components. The heart should be examined echocardiographically by Sequential Segmental Analysis from the venous to the arterial poles following the blood flow. Each segment is evaluated independently considering not only the segmental situs (or location into the body) but also the connections of each heart segment to the others. A systematic approach by Sequential Segmental Analysis is a cornerstone of fetal cardiac study. First step is the identification of fetal heart position followed by the identification of position of the heart in relation to the body and the anatomic study of each cardiac chamber, and finally, the study of cardiac rhythms and function. The heart can be observed in infinity of planes, but few sections are the basis of fetal cardiac study. The examination starts with abdominal cross-sectional view for the identification of the viscero-atrial situs. Then the transthoracic four-chamber view should be obtained. This view allows to obtains a large amount of informations specially regarding the atria and ventricles, atrioventricular valves, interatrial and interventricular septum. Ventriculo-arterial connections are well identified by a gentle sweep towards the fetal neck, left ventricular outflow tract and ascending aorta are first visualized and, by further sweeping, also right ventricular outflow tract, branch pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus are correctly identified. The three vessel view give us information regarding left or right location of aortic arch. Short axis of the heart is evaluated from the cavo-atrial and ventricular segments to the ductal and aortic arches. Finally the study of heart rate and rhythm and of myocardial function ends the fetal heart examination.


Keywords: Fetal Heart, Ultrasound, Diagnostic Planes, Segmental Analysis

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version167msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:23:24] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (90.58ms)time
  • Application (76.71ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (54.14%)
    90.58ms
    1 x Application (45.85%)
    76.71ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    17 statements were executed22.01ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51718564','',1,1739834604,1739834604) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834604
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51718564','/chapter/981',1,1739834604,1739834604)
      140μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51718564 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51718564) limit 1
      12.94msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51718564
      • 1: 51718564
      • 2: 51718564
      • 3: 51718564
      • 4: 51718564
      • 5: 51718564
      • 6: 51718564
      • 7: 51718564
      • 8: 51718564
      • 9: 51718564
      • 10: 51718564
      • 11: 51718564
      • 12: 51718564
      • 13: 51718564
      • 14: 51718564
      • 15: 51718564
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '981' limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 981
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '981' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 981
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '981'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 981
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 76 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 76
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=76) and se.ebook_id!=76 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=76) and se.ebook_id!=76 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=76)
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=76) limit 10 offset 0
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 863 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 863
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 76 and ebook_volume_id <> 863 limit 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 76
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '981' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '863' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 863 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834604 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834604 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 863
      • 3: 1739834604
      • 4: 1739834604
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='1b88d7e7316eb551abbb10e707be1064'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        A1PTXQqgj0OuynRBZBcQUMaWBMpQGUIMEnUwE33L
        uc_cart_id
        1b88d7e7316eb551abbb10e707be1064
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/981" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/981
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImdKb2dYL2F1QThIQ00zUmpOb1diaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWl3QVZZVzBNTjdjVE54UEtoWElUaTE2bHpLSGd1NFRuMnZiNkNXTnpaYz0iLCJtYWMiOiI2NWQyYWJiM2U0OWM0YTNlYTJmMWYyZmJmYTRlYjIxMjY3MTJkZDFkNTc0OTBkYWI1M2I0OGJlZjI5ZmNkMTE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImxLWU1WbS8zOHVHZjdMTmljVHV4ZGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibFNDVWVaMEpYWnlLM0wrRTMrS2xraUNGd3VCWlZnNVlEUldrakRJM2Q4K0N4UnZ1VWFwS1lrS25qME5Xd2J6Kys4YkNrM05SZUk3NlY0eTNDSzMxSHE0TG9BN3p6UnB2bmJaeUtFRDZZMWVMZGNUUzFSQjl2dG5zSFluM2xhQ0oiLCJtYWMiOiI0NWVmZTcwZTViZDMwMWM1MzNiZWU0ZjAxYzNjZGQxYmU2NmQ2M2NjODNlNTJiMzc4NTM3MTI1MjAzNTQyYTlkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjR2VE5jQ1gxYUFFQWJUQXQ5U2R1ZlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFduQk8yV1BhR1M5d2dhak5uTXZsNXF1VEg5YktvZ0xFZDFPckdveFNuSC9laTZnU0ZzL2NLcWg4bGQ2d1JxZnRsWWhWclMrQWRIZ2IzL3ZFNXdmalNwenUrV2RmeTRqWXk2d1dpd3ZMNWdpZ2p4UzJUb0Y4RWVlNGFMb3lKYUEiLCJtYWMiOiI3N2FhNjIwMWVkMzI3ZmY0ZDM4YWY2YTNlYWQyYzIzN2E4NmNkZDBlNDY4ZWU5NzY1NzI1NmNjM2MwZTEzYTAzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImdKb2dYL2F1QThIQ00zUmpOb1diaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWl3QVZZVzBNTjdjVE54UEtoWElUaTE2bHpLSGd1NFRuMnZiNkNXTnpaYz0iLCJtYWMiOiI2NWQyYWJiM2U0OWM0" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "A1PTXQqgj0OuynRBZBcQUMaWBMpQGUIMEnUwE33L" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "zE5jdTtYKenpentlHwXI1LZfenmKt2MD8B2igcEw" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:23:24 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5Lb1I3Z1FFaDhEYnNWVVVzaVRlSWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1EwdmRtNlJWOGw2VnVaV2RzeUZiMndkTFhXTmpUbG9DQ1JwOXRsOG52emFnbGRzWTZiRWdLcWc4WFh5dXpacEJnNE5JaHJDcXFwOUMwYmF5USthQWJkTU9YWENoeEhXNUo3cE5QaWhBQUVKZnZGWk9rbytaUDVNek16OGtHQzkiLCJtYWMiOiI5YTI4OWVkZWZmZmZiNjQxNjlkZmJhYjVhOTY3ZmViN2VmYTYwMzU4ZGUzNjM4NGUzMDJmNWJkNDcwYTE5MTU0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:23:24 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5Lb1I3Z1FFaDhEYnNWVVVzaVRlSWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1EwdmRtNlJWOGw2VnVaV2RzeUZiMndkTFhXTmpUbG9DQ1JwOXRsOG52emFnbGRzWTZiRWdLcWc4WFh5dXpacEJnNE5Ja" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpPVTNoNUFpaVo3aGl2WTF1dUEva0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibXNaZU9ibjE2TDM2RXcySlRqRlU2aTYvNG9qWjc1RE1GUFErenMxMzJXdnduRjVTTnMzYTVCd0RPcEM5eGxpN3BHcjdBNStRV3VMUm4yeUVvQ0lFY3M3Qm1YL0JqU1VRR1pOSzZwTEJIUDNuRVVOSXYzdjNXNHlOSC9iS3VneGMiLCJtYWMiOiJhMmI4YmE5NWU2Njc3YzY4MTE1MTdiZWQ2Y2ZkZjY1MjI0ZWEwMDRjNWQ5NGM5NjNhMWEzZjliOTFlYWY4MmFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpPVTNoNUFpaVo3aGl2WTF1dUEva0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibXNaZU9ibjE2TDM2RXcySlRqRlU2aTYvNG9qWjc1RE1GUFErenMxMzJXdnduRjVTTnMzYTVCd0R" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5Lb1I3Z1FFaDhEYnNWVVVzaVRlSWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1EwdmRtNlJWOGw2VnVaV2RzeUZiMndkTFhXTmpUbG9DQ1JwOXRsOG52emFnbGRzWTZiRWdLcWc4WFh5dXpacEJnNE5JaHJDcXFwOUMwYmF5USthQWJkTU9YWENoeEhXNUo3cE5QaWhBQUVKZnZGWk9rbytaUDVNek16OGtHQzkiLCJtYWMiOiI5YTI4OWVkZWZmZmZiNjQxNjlkZmJhYjVhOTY3ZmViN2VmYTYwMzU4ZGUzNjM4NGUzMDJmNWJkNDcwYTE5MTU0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:23:24 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5Lb1I3Z1FFaDhEYnNWVVVzaVRlSWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU1EwdmRtNlJWOGw2VnVaV2RzeUZiMndkTFhXTmpUbG9DQ1JwOXRsOG52emFnbGRzWTZiRWdLcWc4WFh5dXpacEJnNE5Ja" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpPVTNoNUFpaVo3aGl2WTF1dUEva0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibXNaZU9ibjE2TDM2RXcySlRqRlU2aTYvNG9qWjc1RE1GUFErenMxMzJXdnduRjVTTnMzYTVCd0RPcEM5eGxpN3BHcjdBNStRV3VMUm4yeUVvQ0lFY3M3Qm1YL0JqU1VRR1pOSzZwTEJIUDNuRVVOSXYzdjNXNHlOSC9iS3VneGMiLCJtYWMiOiJhMmI4YmE5NWU2Njc3YzY4MTE1MTdiZWQ2Y2ZkZjY1MjI0ZWEwMDRjNWQ5NGM5NjNhMWEzZjliOTFlYWY4MmFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpPVTNoNUFpaVo3aGl2WTF1dUEva0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibXNaZU9ibjE2TDM2RXcySlRqRlU2aTYvNG9qWjc1RE1GUFErenMxMzJXdnduRjVTTnMzYTVCd0R" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "A1PTXQqgj0OuynRBZBcQUMaWBMpQGUIMEnUwE33L" "uc_cart_id" => "1b88d7e7316eb551abbb10e707be1064" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/981" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:23:24GET/chapter/981112176