What Beliefs Are Made From

The Role of Belief During Inquiry

Author(s): Jonathan Leicester

Pp: 123-130 (8)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681082639116010017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter deals with the role belief plays in inquiry. Inquiry begins by belief that there is a problem and is terminated by belief that a solution is found or cannot be found. It is the beliefs that count, not the truth of the matter. The process is subject to some voluntary control but in most applications it is automatic. This function of belief was described long ago by C. S. Peirce, but has since received little attention. It gives speed and economy to inquiry, with some sacrifice of accuracy for speed, and is relevant to the purpose of belief.


Keywords: Belief, Charles S. Peirce, Counterfactual thinking, Inquiry.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221975217 and j.to_ip >=221975217 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835105 and j.to_date >= 1739835105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9238) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221975217 and j.to_ip >=221975217 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835105 and j.to_date >= 1739835105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9238) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221975217 and j.to_ip >=221975217 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835105 and j.to_date >= 1739835105 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9238)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1993 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835105 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835105 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1993
      • 3: 1739835105
      • 4: 1739835105
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='bd69562e8fcb00a480b1ca5a9d8d86b9'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        YQW1Vh59f4UHr0Rjfo3F8oUCan65bIHex207LlhM
        uc_cart_id
        bd69562e8fcb00a480b1ca5a9d8d86b9
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9238" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/9238
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IitOT0h0VXdDS2VSY25qT0FPOE9oM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnFHbHUwYWhWSEY5WWN0dnM0L0RFZEhCTnpaWmlNdmdQSG50eUVaVzlSRT0iLCJtYWMiOiI4YjliNzZhNTBkYzdlN2Y2OTA5ZmUyNWIzNzFkOWE4ZWIyMTJiYjhiZDRmYWEwYzg0YjJhZWMxOTdkZmQ0NmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IitOT0h0VXdDS2VSY25qT0FPOE9oM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnFHbHUwYWhWSEY5WWN0dnM0L0RFZEhCTnpaWmlNdmdQSG50eUVaVzlSRT0iLCJtYWMiOiI4YjliNzZhNTBkYzdl" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:31:45 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkF1bWtnMG9qYjJJTUxJMDFPK3lQenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVFGR000SUlSS1ZSUWxiWCthR0QvN0lRNFdNdFlkbU5NMmp6Tk9OR3dKbW16QlFnVFQwTzBsSkVXbi9Nek1NY0JpTll3OWpJMkFKQUk3cUw1RUZNMlovSC9BQlpMdnB4UW9CQXozelhCdGVHR0pJOGR1TGZNSlpOZzQ3dllVNEMiLCJtYWMiOiIxMzkzOGM4NmMxZGU2ZDU5MDQyMDhlNmU2YjRhYzcxZGU5Y2ZjZjJhNTRhNmEzNjNkMzcyMjgxMzViMDQ2ZDI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:31:45 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkF1bWtnMG9qYjJJTUxJMDFPK3lQenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVFGR000SUlSS1ZSUWxiWCthR0QvN0lRNFdNdFlkbU5NMmp6Tk9OR3dKbW16QlFnVFQwTzBsSkVXbi9Nek1NY0JpTll3O" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ilc4cWtOaEJoM1libmtoR21YYnN0aHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm9ua01yc1Z1Y3YzMmVnMXJzUDBYNzZ6TXZMWk1rVnAveXJnbTdaYTlTREwwd1VZUm00M201MjMrK08yUis5b2NySndHYzhYeUVWOVFtTER0d28vZ1hQYm4wb1FKUUhKeWZ5L1lobjNKclFLMmR3MzNVSDZYMnpyTjNsaXI5dDYiLCJtYWMiOiIxNDA4YmFmZjA0MzU5OGY5NTFkMDIxMjI4NjZmZDQxYzFjNmRiODc0OTQ4M2Q4NDM3MzllYTA0ODNhMjYyMThhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ilc4cWtOaEJoM1libmtoR21YYnN0aHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm9ua01yc1Z1Y3YzMmVnMXJzUDBYNzZ6TXZMWk1rVnAveXJnbTdaYTlTREwwd1VZUm00M201MjM" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkF1bWtnMG9qYjJJTUxJMDFPK3lQenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVFGR000SUlSS1ZSUWxiWCthR0QvN0lRNFdNdFlkbU5NMmp6Tk9OR3dKbW16QlFnVFQwTzBsSkVXbi9Nek1NY0JpTll3OWpJMkFKQUk3cUw1RUZNMlovSC9BQlpMdnB4UW9CQXozelhCdGVHR0pJOGR1TGZNSlpOZzQ3dllVNEMiLCJtYWMiOiIxMzkzOGM4NmMxZGU2ZDU5MDQyMDhlNmU2YjRhYzcxZGU5Y2ZjZjJhNTRhNmEzNjNkMzcyMjgxMzViMDQ2ZDI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:31:45 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkF1bWtnMG9qYjJJTUxJMDFPK3lQenc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVFGR000SUlSS1ZSUWxiWCthR0QvN0lRNFdNdFlkbU5NMmp6Tk9OR3dKbW16QlFnVFQwTzBsSkVXbi9Nek1NY0JpTll3O" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ilc4cWtOaEJoM1libmtoR21YYnN0aHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm9ua01yc1Z1Y3YzMmVnMXJzUDBYNzZ6TXZMWk1rVnAveXJnbTdaYTlTREwwd1VZUm00M201MjMrK08yUis5b2NySndHYzhYeUVWOVFtTER0d28vZ1hQYm4wb1FKUUhKeWZ5L1lobjNKclFLMmR3MzNVSDZYMnpyTjNsaXI5dDYiLCJtYWMiOiIxNDA4YmFmZjA0MzU5OGY5NTFkMDIxMjI4NjZmZDQxYzFjNmRiODc0OTQ4M2Q4NDM3MzllYTA0ODNhMjYyMThhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ilc4cWtOaEJoM1libmtoR21YYnN0aHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRm9ua01yc1Z1Y3YzMmVnMXJzUDBYNzZ6TXZMWk1rVnAveXJnbTdaYTlTREwwd1VZUm00M201MjM" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "YQW1Vh59f4UHr0Rjfo3F8oUCan65bIHex207LlhM" "uc_cart_id" => "bd69562e8fcb00a480b1ca5a9d8d86b9" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9238" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:31:45GET/chapter/9238112196