Frontiers in HIV Research

Volume: 2

Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Interventions

Author(s): Omid Zamani

Pp: 304-314 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681082554116020025

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Monitoring and evaluation is necessary for any program management endeavor however it has been a challenge for application to HIV/AIDS projects globally because of the multidisciplinary and multidimensional aspects of the epidemic. Results-based management has been the main driver behind monitoring and evaluation efforts with various methodologies and indicators used for different stages of the results chain. Complexity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic necessitates the use of triangulation approach and complexity science related methods in studying various HIV aspects from biology to social dynamics and policy-making. Participatory methods have also been utilized for enhancing trust, ownership and empowerment within affected communities. Some frameworks are introduced to help planning and implementing national monitoring and evaluation systems. The future of monitoring and evaluation could be more promising for ensuring accountability and scientific rigor.


Keywords: Accountability, Assessment, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Evaluation, Indicator, Monitoring, Participatory, Planning, Results, Triangulation.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834387 and j.to_date >= 1739834387 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9179) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834387 and j.to_date >= 1739834387 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9179) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221938058 and j.to_ip >=221938058 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834387 and j.to_date >= 1739834387 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9179)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1984 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834387 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834387 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1984
      • 3: 1739834387
      • 4: 1739834387
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9
        uc_cart_id
        944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9179" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/9179
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFXaURVQytUNDBxY3hXaS9WbXhQanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEg2aXdBZWE0bndHczVwSSt2UGYxbUcxK2c1T3JsVEZwTGxNdjlHcytFQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OTQ1ZmJmYWY4OTEwM2JjYjIyNmQ2ZWQ5NTg5NTNjNjMyOWI3N2M3ZWQxMWY4YjNkM2VhMGFhMDk5NjIwOWE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkZTRkE0QzhmcFpSWGtHSmY5V1Jkdnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWm1kRU9raGxuMHR6MlViVzlPUms1dEliZDdIVmZQaVhGVW0zdTcwRXpDN3RNTGg5QTQwQ29ZSEhTOHNVSGpTcEFOekdZWkRPditybTEwNUgwM1RGS0l1aVp1dDVnQ3IrVDJzMjg5bGU1cFJtU0g5N3JYWFBsL3QxMUNBSjZBS3IiLCJtYWMiOiJhN2FiMmEyZWU1YTA5MDU3MTBlNzg0YzI1MmUzMmMzMmRkYzk2MGQ2NWU3ZTQ5MzJiZDFmNTk2ODRmMGUxYzE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkJmc3BhQzZIR1MrZDFUcGp5MHVHcHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSTByWU42WUVTRzBGVmRCVE9qSEVwWGFIYUFic2pOTzNCRnMvQUFVdGdzOUx0UGVPTU8yQUhONzJvdWNCRHRvblc2SXJ2aytIbzU2emFYMDVjMmRqT3R0R2c1Zjc5cUszT2ZZSXVqTlU3NTk3MmdoUWVhY01DS2xwa0I2R3NuVFEiLCJtYWMiOiJmZTg2ZDRhZWRjMzMwN2ExMTI4MjVkZDBlMzVlNDAwNjE2YWJmNjI4Mzk4ZTQxNjdjMGMxNTg1NTlkZmVkNjc4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFXaURVQytUNDBxY3hXaS9WbXhQanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEg2aXdBZWE0bndHczVwSSt2UGYxbUcxK2c1T3JsVEZwTGxNdjlHcytFQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OTQ1ZmJmYWY4OTEw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9" "uc_cart_id" => "944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9179" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:19:47GET/chapter/91791121913