Frontiers in HIV Research

Volume: 2

Aging in People Living with HIV

Author(s): Katayoun Tayeri

Pp: 223-233 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681082554116020018

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The invention and administration of novel antiretroviral therapies (ART) has led to the increased lifespan of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) especially in the developed world and thus, we are facing with increased number of HIV infected people over the age of 50 years. It seems that HIV infection may accelerate the aging process by accelerating the shortening of telomeres. Several adverse habits such as smoking and drug abuse as well as co-infection with other pathogens are more common among PLHIV. So, by increasing the age, inappropriate lifestyle and adverse habits such as cigarette smoking, drinking a lot of coffee, being physically inactive or inappropriate activity, opium and drug abuse and alcoholism put people in higher risk of osteoporosis. Several issues should be considered about aging like osteoporosis, neurocognitive impairment, cardiovascular disorders, and impairment of liver function along with the especial consideration about ART in elderly. There are several recommendations for slowing down the aging process in PLHIV. The cessation of cigarette smoking is the main step to prevent undesirable complications such as lung diseases and cancer, increased risk of heart attacks and strokes, bone mineral loss, muscle wasting and memory disorders. Drug abuse, especially some newer drugs like amphetamines and “crystal” may lead to several memory and behavioral impairment, depression and suicide. Regular exercise is another health habit that should be promoted among older PLHIV.


Keywords: Aging, ART, Cardiovascular disorders, CD4 cells, Drug abuse, Lipodystrophy, Neurocognitive impairment, Osteoporosis, PLHIV, Smoking.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834425 and j.to_date >= 1739834425 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9172) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834425 and j.to_date >= 1739834425 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9172) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834425 and j.to_date >= 1739834425 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 9172)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1984 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834425 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834425 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1984
      • 3: 1739834425
      • 4: 1739834425
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5aec2feb2329030cfdbd0e4e4ed1670a'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        v1GiI22wq45UkBYLJFAOhFQeaRqoMqIEN7dXsUCk
        uc_cart_id
        5aec2feb2329030cfdbd0e4e4ed1670a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9172" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/9172
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "v1GiI22wq45UkBYLJFAOhFQeaRqoMqIEN7dXsUCk" "uc_cart_id" => "5aec2feb2329030cfdbd0e4e4ed1670a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/9172" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:25GET/chapter/91721121912