Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

Volume: 6

Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming as an Anti- Cancer Strategy: Aiming at Monocarboxylate Transporters

Author(s): Céline Pinheiro, Filipa Morais-Santos, Sara Granja, Vera Miranda- Gonçalves, Julieta Afonso, Ricardo Amorim and Fátima Baltazar

Pp: 3-65 (63)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681081496115060003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

As the result of recent advances in the study of cancer biology, new hallmarks of cancer have emerged, including the reprogramming of energy metabolism. Indeed, it has been shown that cancer cells adjust their metabolism towards a high dependence on glycolysis for both energy and biosynthetic intermediate production. As a result of their high glycolytic rates, cancer cells produce high amounts of lactate as an end product. Therefore, to maintain their adapted metabolic phenotype, cancer cells, in addition to upregulating glucose transporters and other proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway, must also upregulate lactate transporters. In this context, monocarboxylate transporter isoforms 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4) have emerged as important players in the maintenance of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells: on one hand, they mediate lactate efflux from cancer cells, facilitating the maintenance of high glycolytic rates, and on the other hand, they also aid in the regulation of intracellular pH via a proton symport mechanism. Thus, MCTs appear to be promising targets in cancer therapy, especially in cancers with a hyperglycolytic and acid-resistant phenotype. Indeed, some in vitro and in vivo studies targeting MCT expression or function support the use of MCTs as therapeutic targets, and an MCT1-specific inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca is currently in clinical trials.

After an introductory section describing the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, this chapter will provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of recent achievements concerning the exploitation of MCTs as targets for anti-cancer therapy.


Keywords: Cancer, CD147, FDG-PET, Glucose metabolism, Immunohistochemistry, In vitro studies, In vivo studies, Lactate, Metabolic reprogramming, Monocarboxylate transporters, Therapeutic targets, Warburg effect.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version227msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[20:18:37] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (139ms)time
  • Application (88.5ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (61.03%)
    139ms
    1 x Application (38.97%)
    88.50ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed24.76ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('60060432','',1,1740514717,1740514717) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740514717
      1.34msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('60060432','/chapter/8220',1,1740514717,1740514717)
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 60060432 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 60060432) limit 1
      14.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 60060432
      • 1: 60060432
      • 2: 60060432
      • 3: 60060432
      • 4: 60060432
      • 5: 60060432
      • 6: 60060432
      • 7: 60060432
      • 8: 60060432
      • 9: 60060432
      • 10: 60060432
      • 11: 60060432
      • 12: 60060432
      • 13: 60060432
      • 14: 60060432
      • 15: 60060432
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '8220' limit 1
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 8220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '8220' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      870μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 8220
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '8220'
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 8220
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 132 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 132
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=132) and se.ebook_id!=132 and v.ebook_status='1'
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=132) and se.ebook_id!=132 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=132)
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=132) limit 10 offset 0
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1885 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1885
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 132 and ebook_volume_id <> 1885 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 132
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '8220' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '1885' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1885) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1885) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1885)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 8220) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 8220) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 60060432 and j.to_ip >=60060432 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740514717 and j.to_date >= 1740514717 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 8220)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1885 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740514717 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740514717 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1885
      • 3: 1740514717
      • 4: 1740514717
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='adf75f8976f70f6d89c6604bd474436a'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    12Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        YZVmMxUk81OO0kX8bGIKISxTMLYSYbtQTEPl5cxa
        uc_cart_id
        adf75f8976f70f6d89c6604bd474436a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8220" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/8220
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:18:37 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldVYmE0b2cyaW5TMTRrTEdORUNueUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUkFxSkJMSkoycC9XNGp0TEM3OTVBbnMzRUwrWXFEbm5UY2ZSY1c4cVFYQUQ0Mm5qdkZvakxFS2hScEhjcHZIcEh2aEhSNXVPSE1HUUZPK1hyOWE3TS94bUtpWmhrVitLMUVvell3MkJ2dGIydWxpNkt4bElzVlpxVGs0ZGtxdnMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MWIzYTAyZTJhMDY1ODE0NmUxYTE3YzJlNjYzMGM2ZWQxMWI0Zjc5MWU1YzA4NjkzMmNlZmFjODY0MDFhYTY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:18:37 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldVYmE0b2cyaW5TMTRrTEdORUNueUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUkFxSkJMSkoycC9XNGp0TEM3OTVBbnMzRUwrWXFEbm5UY2ZSY1c4cVFYQUQ0Mm5qdkZvakxFS2hScEhjcHZIcEh2aEhSN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVmWGtYeU1KdGtvM0dZbnhKSmFuYVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytiS0RPVVJKQjhlT3lpMHRMSTJpcFRWMmxOcHlSUHQ3dnpRVTYyUGNPWFMxRDlRRVVoUWFiWlk2aVpKQnJkekdtcEtkL2RNUE5ycWxua2RIWHdyZGJpcHNYZmhkekdWR2lsajhPTG5MOG5EUGVDWm02bm9oVDFMb2ZNR1dDdDciLCJtYWMiOiIzNzkwMzliMGViYmExODIxOTEzYzMxZWE1OWZiMGRjZGI2N2I4NDU1OTRmZmU0MTUxMmQ4OWM5NWM2ZDMzMzM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVmWGtYeU1KdGtvM0dZbnhKSmFuYVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytiS0RPVVJKQjhlT3lpMHRMSTJpcFRWMmxOcHlSUHQ3dnpRVTYyUGNPWFMxRDlRRVVoUWFiWlk" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldVYmE0b2cyaW5TMTRrTEdORUNueUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUkFxSkJMSkoycC9XNGp0TEM3OTVBbnMzRUwrWXFEbm5UY2ZSY1c4cVFYQUQ0Mm5qdkZvakxFS2hScEhjcHZIcEh2aEhSNXVPSE1HUUZPK1hyOWE3TS94bUtpWmhrVitLMUVvell3MkJ2dGIydWxpNkt4bElzVlpxVGs0ZGtxdnMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MWIzYTAyZTJhMDY1ODE0NmUxYTE3YzJlNjYzMGM2ZWQxMWI0Zjc5MWU1YzA4NjkzMmNlZmFjODY0MDFhYTY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:18:37 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldVYmE0b2cyaW5TMTRrTEdORUNueUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUkFxSkJMSkoycC9XNGp0TEM3OTVBbnMzRUwrWXFEbm5UY2ZSY1c4cVFYQUQ0Mm5qdkZvakxFS2hScEhjcHZIcEh2aEhSN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVmWGtYeU1KdGtvM0dZbnhKSmFuYVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytiS0RPVVJKQjhlT3lpMHRMSTJpcFRWMmxOcHlSUHQ3dnpRVTYyUGNPWFMxRDlRRVVoUWFiWlk2aVpKQnJkekdtcEtkL2RNUE5ycWxua2RIWHdyZGJpcHNYZmhkekdWR2lsajhPTG5MOG5EUGVDWm02bm9oVDFMb2ZNR1dDdDciLCJtYWMiOiIzNzkwMzliMGViYmExODIxOTEzYzMxZWE1OWZiMGRjZGI2N2I4NDU1OTRmZmU0MTUxMmQ4OWM5NWM2ZDMzMzM5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlVmWGtYeU1KdGtvM0dZbnhKSmFuYVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytiS0RPVVJKQjhlT3lpMHRMSTJpcFRWMmxOcHlSUHQ3dnpRVTYyUGNPWFMxRDlRRVVoUWFiWlk" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "YZVmMxUk81OO0kX8bGIKISxTMLYSYbtQTEPl5cxa" "uc_cart_id" => "adf75f8976f70f6d89c6604bd474436a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8220" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:18:37GET/chapter/82201121914