Depression: A Silent Culprit in Health and Disease

The Impact of Aging on Post-Stroke Depression

Author(s): Ana-Maria Buga, Madalina Filfan, Badescu M. George and Aurel Popa- Wagner

Pp: 51-67 (17)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681081458115010005

Abstract

Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects about one-third of the ischemic stroke survivors and it is one of the world’s most significant health problems. Vascular dysregulation is often met in late-life depression (LLD) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction can influence regional brain functions, contributing to affective and cognitive symptoms. However, it is not clear if perfusion deficits can cause secondary degenerative changes in the brain or that ongoing degenerative changes of the aged brain will be simply aggravated by stroke. A brain injury is accompanied by an exaggerated neuroinflammation by activation of immune-reactive microglial population and is considered a trigger mechanism for depressive-like behavior after injury that may last for weeks or months after stroke and is precipitated by advanced age. Research using animal models and clinical studies of mood disorders highlighted that an increased level of proinflammatory molecules and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with alteration of 5-hydroxytryptamine system (5-HT) are associated with decreased neurogenesis. Treatment of PSD includes psychotherapy (CBT-cognitive behavioral therapy) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drugs. More recently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to treat depressive patients. Its efficacy is however, questionable. More basic and clinical research is needed to uncover mechanisms underlying depressive behaviour in the elderly caused by perfusion deficits or brain lesioning.


Keywords: Aging, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), depression, late-life depression, Major depressive disorder, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, post stroke depression, psychotherapy, SSRI, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version184msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:31:53] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (93.7ms)time
  • Application (90.65ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (50.83%)
    93.70ms
    1 x Application (49.17%)
    90.65ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    16 statements were executed30.12ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51137665','',1,1739835113,1739835113) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739835113
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51137665','/chapter/8010',1,1739835113,1739835113)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51137665 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51137665) limit 1
      18.93msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51137665
      • 1: 51137665
      • 2: 51137665
      • 3: 51137665
      • 4: 51137665
      • 5: 51137665
      • 6: 51137665
      • 7: 51137665
      • 8: 51137665
      • 9: 51137665
      • 10: 51137665
      • 11: 51137665
      • 12: 51137665
      • 13: 51137665
      • 14: 51137665
      • 15: 51137665
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '8010' limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 8010
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '8010' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 8010
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '8010'
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 8010
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 490 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 490
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) and se.ebook_id!=490 and v.ebook_status='1'
      3.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) and se.ebook_id!=490 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      940μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490)
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) limit 10 offset 0
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1756 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1756
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 490 and ebook_volume_id <> 1756 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 490
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '8010' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1756 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835113 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835113 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1756
      • 3: 1739835113
      • 4: 1739835113
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='679407a074cc605d1ace3cdcf3b3510e'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        eeI9S2fSSwR2AUZOfvCR7GrLL5hsrgdgpJzhEjiE
        uc_cart_id
        679407a074cc605d1ace3cdcf3b3510e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8010" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/8010
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhsZFlOUGs5YXQwSzVUR2pWeXhRMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUlNZdDM0Mk9iTkpFVkcyL2ZlUU9LN2UrZDZ6TTNJWmE4b1dQUWRTTzhYWT0iLCJtYWMiOiI2NzlkN2Q5YTU5MjJhN2E4YmQ2MTRmZDVmYWUxN2Y2NGFiZjBjZDU1YzgwZDllODg3N2EyMDk1NzMyMmIyM2ZlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklGODF0ZisycG1lWmErM29vc3VoblE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieUt4YXhQdkVYVXZnWUZoajJLdjhVR2NUWjNLODNjSHh3S2JoNVBLZXVpWTI4MTlSQnF1VnBOTmI5NUF5OXh0NmFNMEtvUTVLRzIzdHZXa0dKZy9HSVl1czgwSEhHZjBPb0VuaXJtZStZQ29kcEtYZkY2Wkd4UHdUV3BlMXh3RkoiLCJtYWMiOiJkOGM0NzU1ZjdiMGZkZDg3OTUwNTRkOTZhZTA0N2MxNTY1NWNiMGYxNGIyOTZlZmRjODE4ZGNmYTE2OTY2ZTJmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5wbVc5V21FZ212MGdpTkpwNmd3SWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYXVjcjhMTnl3NXE3TnN1YzMzRHg2RForeHBsR1hKWjIyQUViVk5CMi9BQTBVNCtXeUVvY0NpOUc4YTdzWEVGRjVqZ3JDeGpTRERTbDZSSDlYYnU5ODAyWDRIelpIeFBuaDAvUGEyQVpDYnkweHh3aXRWUEE3VWVNbnQyR2dBdzQiLCJtYWMiOiI5M2EyZmYzYzg1OTFmOGEwMGYxNjhiZjNjMzgzOTlmNzk4NjZiZGI1MGIwYTBkYmMyZDIwODUzMTJkNzk1ZTUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhsZFlOUGs5YXQwSzVUR2pWeXhRMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUlNZdDM0Mk9iTkpFVkcyL2ZlUU9LN2UrZDZ6TTNJWmE4b1dQUWRTTzhYWT0iLCJtYWMiOiI2NzlkN2Q5YTU5MjJh" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "eeI9S2fSSwR2AUZOfvCR7GrLL5hsrgdgpJzhEjiE" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "C4tsku2lVv8DtdxH8RyYYEI360gG0qDB4VjJ9PZ5" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:31:53 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inc2ZC9ZSEFkN3ZZdFJFWFJYVVF3dGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXNQMlYxQmcrOXBQMGNCQVYybi9lYk5pMDlHdy9XeG5lU08zOWpFWDYzQWozb0VNRWRORTlJazJ3VG1ZRmladE9MQUtLNlQrQm5uZ1lVWndkRWtMaDZJTGJneG4yZk5PUWNFbk5ZamMzZnFXQXBqa1NEQmZvQm5DNXVSTkh0WXkiLCJtYWMiOiJjZTkxMmQ2ZGI5MDNkYzllYWY2MGM2YTJlODU4YmUzNTViMzEwM2E0MzFlMjUwY2NhMzc1MGViMDQxNmE4YWZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:31:53 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inc2ZC9ZSEFkN3ZZdFJFWFJYVVF3dGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXNQMlYxQmcrOXBQMGNCQVYybi9lYk5pMDlHdy9XeG5lU08zOWpFWDYzQWozb0VNRWRORTlJazJ3VG1ZRmladE9MQUtLN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InEwSjdVempNR1Y3UGRVY1Q5OVUxalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEd6YUFmTHlNazUrRmovVXVZSTgxbi9UeGFEdmxJbENuZ01ZKzBvdkNlKy9GWkxsSStMNFZ6R2JwbXJ0TEk3bjdhZHQ1dW5aMk4vVXJmYThnbGNkZ3M1aVlSYTJ2a0RrVC9WSnJqUUNzejhJL2RRN3dUUE51REE5Q3RzWXpIUFgiLCJtYWMiOiI0ODk5MmY3NzcxZTNmZWE2ZjRjMGFiYzRiZDY4MGUzZWY3MWIzYzIwNDFhOTkyMzZlMGI1Y2MxMGE1YmE4ZjJkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InEwSjdVempNR1Y3UGRVY1Q5OVUxalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEd6YUFmTHlNazUrRmovVXVZSTgxbi9UeGFEdmxJbENuZ01ZKzBvdkNlKy9GWkxsSStMNFZ6R2J" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inc2ZC9ZSEFkN3ZZdFJFWFJYVVF3dGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXNQMlYxQmcrOXBQMGNCQVYybi9lYk5pMDlHdy9XeG5lU08zOWpFWDYzQWozb0VNRWRORTlJazJ3VG1ZRmladE9MQUtLNlQrQm5uZ1lVWndkRWtMaDZJTGJneG4yZk5PUWNFbk5ZamMzZnFXQXBqa1NEQmZvQm5DNXVSTkh0WXkiLCJtYWMiOiJjZTkxMmQ2ZGI5MDNkYzllYWY2MGM2YTJlODU4YmUzNTViMzEwM2E0MzFlMjUwY2NhMzc1MGViMDQxNmE4YWZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:31:53 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inc2ZC9ZSEFkN3ZZdFJFWFJYVVF3dGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXNQMlYxQmcrOXBQMGNCQVYybi9lYk5pMDlHdy9XeG5lU08zOWpFWDYzQWozb0VNRWRORTlJazJ3VG1ZRmladE9MQUtLN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InEwSjdVempNR1Y3UGRVY1Q5OVUxalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEd6YUFmTHlNazUrRmovVXVZSTgxbi9UeGFEdmxJbENuZ01ZKzBvdkNlKy9GWkxsSStMNFZ6R2JwbXJ0TEk3bjdhZHQ1dW5aMk4vVXJmYThnbGNkZ3M1aVlSYTJ2a0RrVC9WSnJqUUNzejhJL2RRN3dUUE51REE5Q3RzWXpIUFgiLCJtYWMiOiI0ODk5MmY3NzcxZTNmZWE2ZjRjMGFiYzRiZDY4MGUzZWY3MWIzYzIwNDFhOTkyMzZlMGI1Y2MxMGE1YmE4ZjJkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InEwSjdVempNR1Y3UGRVY1Q5OVUxalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieEd6YUFmTHlNazUrRmovVXVZSTgxbi9UeGFEdmxJbENuZ01ZKzBvdkNlKy9GWkxsSStMNFZ6R2J" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "eeI9S2fSSwR2AUZOfvCR7GrLL5hsrgdgpJzhEjiE" "uc_cart_id" => "679407a074cc605d1ace3cdcf3b3510e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8010" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:31:53GET/chapter/80101121613