Depression: A Silent Culprit in Health and Disease

P300 Wave in Depression: An Update

Author(s): Ravi Prakash, Srinivasa R. and Priyanka Rastogi

Pp: 25-49 (25)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681081458115010004

Abstract

Event related potentials (ERP) are generated in response to a distinct episode such as when a sensory stimulus is present or there is cognitive reaction for such a stimulus. The electrical potentials generated from such motor, sensory or cognitive events are called electroencephalographic (EEG) fluctuation. Electrically, these are the reflection of the combined activity of postsynaptic potentials generated by huge number (measuring thousands or millions in number) of cortical pyramidal neurons which are oriented in a similar manner and are firing in synchrony. Among all the event related potentials, the best studied has been that of the positive wave arising at around 300 ms, popularly known as the P300. The P300 is the positive wave appearing at about 300 ms after presentation of stimulus. This ERP component was first explained by Sutton et al. and is extensively examined in relation to neurophysiological evaluation of cognitive functions. They described this waveform in terms of amplitude, polarity and latency. Many studies have reported that depressed individuals have distinctive cognitive impairment. The impact of these findings was such that the cognitive impairment of decreased ability to concentrate has become one of the nine core DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder as a characteristic feature of syndromal depression. Perhaps next to schizophrenia, depression has been the most studied psychiatric condition to be evaluated with P300. So far, more than 20 studies have analysed the P300 component in depressed individuals and have unanimously pointed that depression causes an attenuated P300 response for different stimulus types and sensory modalities-auditory tones, geometric shapes, alphanumeric characters, nonsense syllables and photographs. The use of P300 in depression has been mainly for two purposes- 1) Diagnostic and 2) Prognostic. In this review, we will elaborate these findings of P300 in depression and their applications.


Keywords: Depression, event related potential, P300 wave.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version187msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:19:58] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (102ms)time
  • Application (85.64ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (54.28%)
    102ms
    1 x Application (45.71%)
    85.64ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    17 statements were executed29.83ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('221938058','',1,1739834398,1739834398) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834398
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('221938058','/chapter/8009',1,1739834398,1739834398)
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221938058 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221938058) limit 1
      19.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 221938058
      • 1: 221938058
      • 2: 221938058
      • 3: 221938058
      • 4: 221938058
      • 5: 221938058
      • 6: 221938058
      • 7: 221938058
      • 8: 221938058
      • 9: 221938058
      • 10: 221938058
      • 11: 221938058
      • 12: 221938058
      • 13: 221938058
      • 14: 221938058
      • 15: 221938058
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '8009' limit 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 8009
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '8009' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.41msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 8009
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '8009'
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 8009
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 490 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 490
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) and se.ebook_id!=490 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) and se.ebook_id!=490 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490)
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=490) limit 10 offset 0
      450μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1756 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1756
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 490 and ebook_volume_id <> 1756 limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 490
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '8009' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '1756' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1756 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834398 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834398 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1756
      • 3: 1739834398
      • 4: 1739834398
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9
        uc_cart_id
        944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8009" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/8009
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFXaURVQytUNDBxY3hXaS9WbXhQanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEg2aXdBZWE0bndHczVwSSt2UGYxbUcxK2c1T3JsVEZwTGxNdjlHcytFQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OTQ1ZmJmYWY4OTEwM2JjYjIyNmQ2ZWQ5NTg5NTNjNjMyOWI3N2M3ZWQxMWY4YjNkM2VhMGFhMDk5NjIwOWE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inc2N05mL2FheWRwZ28zWjJzN1A4bEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibjBPNU5yN2R4UTcyWUc2UjVxL1pwbnV5NDg4bHVrRlpwTS9kdTMxVDhqT0U5RTZ2QWFBbEFZSGdselRWTit0VTd4L0xiNjh0VXQ1V01OL2YzNHlrc2ZyYWk1YVRrRXJyelZ6RkwxeENBWU1Xa2UvcC9zM0dONkNmSTNpcnlKN2oiLCJtYWMiOiIzYjY5M2VlNDM2ZDIyNzFmMmY4MzZmODliZmE0OWViYmFlNDhmMmJmMjEwOWQ4MGZlOTA5NjZiOWE2MDQ5NDI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlhrRGRBUGo3M0JsUkdUSFNoMjQ3bVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoia2djemdnWEkydVhzN2twVHlINWZZQU9LelVzMFpFaDlNYWFHZVZTVXlhK3hCZStzTXB3ZzhwYllJbkZiNVV0cEM5TFJ4RzZ3SEpYeHg1cWg0Snd0eG1qQnRnTjR6RTVpVDBHclhhMkVzVU03YWovdGdPcDJuOUd0SitBWUp0dkIiLCJtYWMiOiI5Y2E1NTAxYTBkYjZmZmE1ZTQyMTEyOGY4MzI0Yjk5NDVkYTRhMmQ3ZWUyY2RlZGQ1YjIzZjMxYTQ3NjE4ZWFkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFXaURVQytUNDBxY3hXaS9WbXhQanc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEg2aXdBZWE0bndHczVwSSt2UGYxbUcxK2c1T3JsVEZwTGxNdjlHcytFQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI5OTQ1ZmJmYWY4OTEw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "xu51NuKULdo1RAEdUXJK7l9qER33zThgkT8F9K0e" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:19:58 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhtN0dTdkhqaVhZaFlpdnpzRVdPUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkZ0bFdsb1JmSjZVRzIyQzRNZ3I4QUdtS21kaEx4L01IbFQ5QStnTXdlTnp5cktYTjlpWXNTUDdzR3pRbkpEdHloVWxJT2JvUVgrSzhSZEttaUlZdis5OUpSTlZyM0pEQTZnUHYza21GK3pPZDFWUWlueW5Ob2NMTFRZT1lNdDciLCJtYWMiOiI2NDgwN2E2OTczYTQ2MTAyZjE0NmU5MzkzM2Q0MTk3ODViYmNhYmQ3Zjc5MmM0NjlmOTU3YmJmMWRmOGU5MWQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:19:58 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhtN0dTdkhqaVhZaFlpdnpzRVdPUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkZ0bFdsb1JmSjZVRzIyQzRNZ3I4QUdtS21kaEx4L01IbFQ5QStnTXdlTnp5cktYTjlpWXNTUDdzR3pRbkpEdHloVWxJT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImsyOHFZWmlzcFBTTEFXdU5mc3dFSlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlpVy9hVHNQTFBsTDFQeURZQ3RTaGtQaWJxenRoUEFUem8yemJKN2FUalZvQ0RFa0VBR2FqZ3RIU0tiUXFkL2p2RkNFcE5mYnpRdXpPNFdXRTRPa1pOUEF5bkhDSzRFeUNRTW9VVlRTVmYydlJKbE5xMW9MVEJCVGY3THBsVi8iLCJtYWMiOiIwMDk1MDdiYjY1MzgzYTM2ZmE5ZjRiMDJhZTI3NDNkOGQ2MjQ0YjBiOTRhYTkyYWU1MmRkZDZmMzhiNzM3NTU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImsyOHFZWmlzcFBTTEFXdU5mc3dFSlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlpVy9hVHNQTFBsTDFQeURZQ3RTaGtQaWJxenRoUEFUem8yemJKN2FUalZvQ0RFa0VBR2FqZ3R" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhtN0dTdkhqaVhZaFlpdnpzRVdPUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkZ0bFdsb1JmSjZVRzIyQzRNZ3I4QUdtS21kaEx4L01IbFQ5QStnTXdlTnp5cktYTjlpWXNTUDdzR3pRbkpEdHloVWxJT2JvUVgrSzhSZEttaUlZdis5OUpSTlZyM0pEQTZnUHYza21GK3pPZDFWUWlueW5Ob2NMTFRZT1lNdDciLCJtYWMiOiI2NDgwN2E2OTczYTQ2MTAyZjE0NmU5MzkzM2Q0MTk3ODViYmNhYmQ3Zjc5MmM0NjlmOTU3YmJmMWRmOGU5MWQ0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:19:58 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImhtN0dTdkhqaVhZaFlpdnpzRVdPUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYkZ0bFdsb1JmSjZVRzIyQzRNZ3I4QUdtS21kaEx4L01IbFQ5QStnTXdlTnp5cktYTjlpWXNTUDdzR3pRbkpEdHloVWxJT" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImsyOHFZWmlzcFBTTEFXdU5mc3dFSlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlpVy9hVHNQTFBsTDFQeURZQ3RTaGtQaWJxenRoUEFUem8yemJKN2FUalZvQ0RFa0VBR2FqZ3RIU0tiUXFkL2p2RkNFcE5mYnpRdXpPNFdXRTRPa1pOUEF5bkhDSzRFeUNRTW9VVlRTVmYydlJKbE5xMW9MVEJCVGY3THBsVi8iLCJtYWMiOiIwMDk1MDdiYjY1MzgzYTM2ZmE5ZjRiMDJhZTI3NDNkOGQ2MjQ0YjBiOTRhYTkyYWU1MmRkZDZmMzhiNzM3NTU2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImsyOHFZWmlzcFBTTEFXdU5mc3dFSlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlpVy9hVHNQTFBsTDFQeURZQ3RTaGtQaWJxenRoUEFUem8yemJKN2FUalZvQ0RFa0VBR2FqZ3R" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fAym6F5dY1V72zH07UIKzKZpXpdzMs2pavFX3yV9" "uc_cart_id" => "944e7fbe7c6d2eef2a3d826adbe74156" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8009" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:19:58GET/chapter/8009112175