Famous Planet Earth Caves

Volume: 1

The Final Late Pleistocene Cave Bear and Sporadic Carnivore (Hyena And Wolf) Den

Author(s): Cajus G. Diedrich

Pp: 112-145 (34)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080000115010010

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

About 32.000-26.000 BP the largest cave bears Ursus ingressus Rabeder et al. 2004 used the Sophie’s Cave such as other larger cave bear dens of the Zoolithen Cave, Große Teufels Cave and Geisloch Cave and others in Upper Franconia. At this time the large portal of the today’s entrance was opened. In this hall and branching areas, the cave was used for denning and birth. The Ailsbach River terrace changed first with an elevation increasing that caused periodical floods of the anterior valley oriented cave part only. Within the partly dry cave, seasonal floods cleft two more fluvial sequences, which are dominated in the first stage by sands and gravels. In the last stage, “gravel/frost brekzia/glauconite sand till series” of the latest Late Pleistocene and around the LGM (app. 32.000-16.000 BP) the floods finally transported sediment and the bones only into the Ahornloch branching halls and Passages. The large cave bears were also scavenged and predated by the three top predators (lions, hyenas and wolves) that specialized especially in boreal forests on cave bear feeding as a result of rare and disappearing valley migratory mammoth steppe game. Hyenas used the Sophie’s Cave only shortly as den in the Ahornloch Hall area and imported typical for cave dens in Europe some woolly mammooth Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach 1799), woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach 1799), and Equus caballus przewalski Poljakov 1888 horse prey remains into the cave entrance halls, which bones show typical hyena caused bite/chew damage. Already before the climatic change not later then 24.000 BP, before the Last Glacial Maximium glacier extensions in Europe (LGM, 19.000 BP), with unsolved questionable “glacial signs” (?valley glaciers) in Upper Franconia and within the Sophie’s Cave, caused the extinction of the last cave bears, their top predators, and most of the boreal forest megafauna in Upper Franconia and central Europe.


Keywords: Final Late Pleistocene, sedimentology, terrace gravel infill, Ailsbach Valley geomorphology, glacial signs, largest cave bear species, cave bear den, bone taphonomy, predators and scavengers.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316674267 and j.to_ip >=316674267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835086 and j.to_date >= 1739835086 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7936) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316674267 and j.to_ip >=316674267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835086 and j.to_date >= 1739835086 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7936) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316674267 and j.to_ip >=316674267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835086 and j.to_date >= 1739835086 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7936)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1747 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835086 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835086 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1747
      • 3: 1739835086
      • 4: 1739835086
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='88fdd5be955cf8ad3ad2c6c564817d5d'
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        LKTfwMgr3evm1Ui7qSYndQhxmECi9UYU1VGTpjBe
        uc_cart_id
        88fdd5be955cf8ad3ad2c6c564817d5d
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7936" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/7936
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:31:26GET/chapter/79361121811