Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics

Volume: 3

Governing of Agro-Ecosystem Services in Bulgaria

Author(s): Hrabrin Bachev

Pp: 94-129 (36)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010094

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This paper incorporates interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics and analyzes the governance of agro-ecosystem services in Bulgaria. Firstly, it presents a comprehensive framework of analyses of environmental governance including: definition of agroecosystem services and governance; specification of governance needs and spectrum of governing modes (formal and informal institutions, market, private, public and hybrid forms); assessment of efficiency of different modes of governance in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure a socially desirable level of agro-ecosystem services, minimize overall costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet individual and social preferences and reconcile conflicts of related agents etc. Secondly, it identifies and assesses the governance of agro-ecosystem services in Bulgaria. It proves that post-communist transition and EU integration brought about significant changes in the state and the governance of agro-ecosystems services. Newly evolved market, private and public governance has led to a significant improvement of the part of agro-ecosystems services introducing modern eco-standards and public support, enhancing environmental stewardship, disintensifying production, recovering landscape and traditional productions, diversifying quality, products and services. At the same time, the novel governance is associated with new challenges such as unsustainable exploitation, lost biodiversity, land degradation, water and air contamination etc. Moreover, it demonstrates that implementation of the EU common policies would have no desired impact on agro-ecosystem services unless special measures are taken to improve management of public programs, extend public support to dominating small-scale and subsistence farms.


Keywords: Agro-ecosystem services; environmental management; market, private, public and hybrid governance; eco-impact of EU policies; Bulgaria.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497466 and j.to_date >= 1740497466 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 756) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497466 and j.to_date >= 1740497466 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 756) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497466 and j.to_date >= 1740497466 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 756)
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 845 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497466 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497466 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 845
      • 3: 1740497466
      • 4: 1740497466
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='00af62613c65591a1c32b107c1c81c3a'
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
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        9BtxYfLRmTvK1Y21qVCigAikysiN8ssiyuYl8tS9
        uc_cart_id
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        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/756" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/756
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:31:06 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNMTS9aU2hJZE1QL1drZEEyZ1Z1NXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWFmMkV6VUs1bXRqQWxHOTV2OUtWRTN2S0h1VmhseklmTCt4b1Z3RGxoZVhhcUFrSVl0ZWg2ek9rMlhNV3RHbDBhOWZsVUdPUWx5TVc5dVFXdVhVK1QvaUJ1eDdmQnZTbm5xRU5MV3VDaEpsVnliVjBPbG8ya1FjTjZqR01FMHYiLCJtYWMiOiI4MThlZjNiZjk3OWMxZTZjMmYwZDk0YTVjMzNmNmUzYTk3MDYyYTYyYTc2YzBjYWE5MjE5ZDdkMDRjMTQ1ZDk5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:31:06 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNMTS9aU2hJZE1QL1drZEEyZ1Z1NXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWFmMkV6VUs1bXRqQWxHOTV2OUtWRTN2S0h1VmhseklmTCt4b1Z3RGxoZVhhcUFrSVl0ZWg2ek9rMlhNV3RHbDBhOWZsV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndvK3BaN1J6OVlxM1ozR2hibXBGbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW9iQUFBM3V2WW1zRGxRMzZxcDAxd2ZxYzEwTWdkTDVrQkE2R05jc0pXemVjZTZxN0tTZzR2VUpsZ2VoVTBXOUFCajBpbkY3OVlGTFNkYkVpa3Y0WTBqa24vMTBMMVdYNjdXN21uU29yQmlRU3BuQjZrQlNobkJKcERGdW41RzYiLCJtYWMiOiIxYzFkNmM1YzA5MGQ0YzI1ZDVhZTE2MjJhNzhiZDVjZTQ3ODRhNTEwNmE1ZWJjOWVlYTI3OTBhZmNlZTZkMDlhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndvK3BaN1J6OVlxM1ozR2hibXBGbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW9iQUFBM3V2WW1zRGxRMzZxcDAxd2ZxYzEwTWdkTDVrQkE2R05jc0pXemVjZTZxN0tTZzR2VUp" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNMTS9aU2hJZE1QL1drZEEyZ1Z1NXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWFmMkV6VUs1bXRqQWxHOTV2OUtWRTN2S0h1VmhseklmTCt4b1Z3RGxoZVhhcUFrSVl0ZWg2ek9rMlhNV3RHbDBhOWZsVUdPUWx5TVc5dVFXdVhVK1QvaUJ1eDdmQnZTbm5xRU5MV3VDaEpsVnliVjBPbG8ya1FjTjZqR01FMHYiLCJtYWMiOiI4MThlZjNiZjk3OWMxZTZjMmYwZDk0YTVjMzNmNmUzYTk3MDYyYTYyYTc2YzBjYWE5MjE5ZDdkMDRjMTQ1ZDk5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:31:06 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNMTS9aU2hJZE1QL1drZEEyZ1Z1NXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTWFmMkV6VUs1bXRqQWxHOTV2OUtWRTN2S0h1VmhseklmTCt4b1Z3RGxoZVhhcUFrSVl0ZWg2ek9rMlhNV3RHbDBhOWZsV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndvK3BaN1J6OVlxM1ozR2hibXBGbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW9iQUFBM3V2WW1zRGxRMzZxcDAxd2ZxYzEwTWdkTDVrQkE2R05jc0pXemVjZTZxN0tTZzR2VUpsZ2VoVTBXOUFCajBpbkY3OVlGTFNkYkVpa3Y0WTBqa24vMTBMMVdYNjdXN21uU29yQmlRU3BuQjZrQlNobkJKcERGdW41RzYiLCJtYWMiOiIxYzFkNmM1YzA5MGQ0YzI1ZDVhZTE2MjJhNzhiZDVjZTQ3ODRhNTEwNmE1ZWJjOWVlYTI3OTBhZmNlZTZkMDlhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndvK3BaN1J6OVlxM1ozR2hibXBGbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaW9iQUFBM3V2WW1zRGxRMzZxcDAxd2ZxYzEwTWdkTDVrQkE2R05jc0pXemVjZTZxN0tTZzR2VUp" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "9BtxYfLRmTvK1Y21qVCigAikysiN8ssiyuYl8tS9" "uc_cart_id" => "00af62613c65591a1c32b107c1c81c3a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/756" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:31:06GET/chapter/756112195