Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics

Volume: 3

Energy Crops Situation in Castile and Leon: Incentives and Barriers to Success

Author(s): Rita Robles and Luigi Vannini

Pp: 70-93 (24)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805263911203010070

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Over the last few years, a number of events have produced deep change in Spanish agriculture. The agreements ensuring from the negotiations within the World Trade Organization (WTO), the new exigencies of the demand for reducing the surpluses of certain food and feed crops (cereals, oil-seeds, sugar beet…) and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) expenses, the reform of CAP and the different Common Markets Organizations (CMO’s), along with the vocation to produce (greatly influenced by geo-climatic factors), have led to a deep and long-lasting crisis of the sector in many important agricultural regions in Spain, as is the case in Castile and Leon. This crisis implies depopulation and alteration of the population structure and the rural environment, with subsequent environmental, socio-cultural and territorial consequences. Within this framework, energy crops are one of the scarce local productive orientations which could allow Castile and Leon farmers to produce an output demanded by the markets. This paper examines the current situation and the possibilities of development for this sector, using the Rural Rapid Appraisal (RRA) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) methods, in order to identify and assess the profitability of the main energy crops as well as the technical, socio-cultural, political and economic barriers for introducing these crops in the local productive farming sector. The study also provides an evaluation of the last energy and CAP measures and an outlook for future market developments and policy recommendations.


Keywords: Energy crops, supply and demand analysis, production costs, CAP.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59424481 and j.to_ip >=59424481 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495069 and j.to_date >= 1740495069 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 754) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59424481 and j.to_ip >=59424481 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495069 and j.to_date >= 1740495069 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 754) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59424481 and j.to_ip >=59424481 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740495069 and j.to_date >= 1740495069 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 754)
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 845 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740495069 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740495069 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 845
      • 3: 1740495069
      • 4: 1740495069
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='1ca327a64885eec52b209683fffd16e3'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        9FoCQworYE4ky55yAdyd7ysjKP4irxuhgiFh5JKG
        uc_cart_id
        1ca327a64885eec52b209683fffd16e3
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/754" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/754
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjJERWN0eHpuWTFrdWhCQXlDRURHdUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjEyWFF2UDU2UTlvcmk5OXZuUzhaSDFDZFA0VE5MM2tRSXRwRk03U2FhWT0iLCJtYWMiOiJlYTEzMWM0ODVjNGViOTA0ZmFhMDRhZWZmMDViNzNiOTg1NzhiZDI2OTQ5M2IzMDA0MTZkMTRkZGQ5NmZmZWQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjJERWN0eHpuWTFrdWhCQXlDRURHdUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNjEyWFF2UDU2UTlvcmk5OXZuUzhaSDFDZFA0VE5MM2tRSXRwRk03U2FhWT0iLCJtYWMiOiJlYTEzMWM0ODVjNGVi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 14:51:09 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imk4cE0rT0RzdExMcEovQUZoSzc1Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNnNabTY5bkE3REVlUXBKeWNYMmtpckN4Q25abjFjZTBudS9rN0NNTHhaNWgzejhvN1psUVV5VnNnMWhNY2JrRG81UWRYMVMrM1pZSGZEbms3Q2tudWZUMTVkREZJR1BGNmlBRjVLalNld0VjM1V1clJMbTJqYkZjTGZaTHQzVC8iLCJtYWMiOiIxYmNhOTY3NWU4MmJhMTg3MjhmZjJjYmQxODdkOWE0YWIzNTZjMDRhMWFjMzgxMTA5MjdjZDJmNGEzYzg4OTFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 02:51:09 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imk4cE0rT0RzdExMcEovQUZoSzc1Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNnNabTY5bkE3REVlUXBKeWNYMmtpckN4Q25abjFjZTBudS9rN0NNTHhaNWgzejhvN1psUVV5VnNnMWhNY2JrRG81UWRYM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRIaEtaUUhzam04QS9NMi84UFNVSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVSTitmc0hpc0NZbEVyQVUzV2VGVGFFQldNeG45Yzh3WE9MUmRiajA5c1I4cllMbGJaQ0Nrc3c0NGNWeGk2NlhYTjFoaVVGSDdUVVJrNWNmcnhwMUxtOVIrbTZrQjJMeWorTlBQSmVLVnhLdHlRMW1LeU9Bd2sreGJYUDliRloiLCJtYWMiOiJhYWM5Zjc5ZTgxZTJiNjJkOTg3MTVmNTUwMTY1NGYxYTM5YmMzZWQ0ZTI4NmZjNTIwZmFjZGFmZGIxOThkZjZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRIaEtaUUhzam04QS9NMi84UFNVSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVSTitmc0hpc0NZbEVyQVUzV2VGVGFFQldNeG45Yzh3WE9MUmRiajA5c1I4cllMbGJaQ0Nrc3c" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imk4cE0rT0RzdExMcEovQUZoSzc1Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNnNabTY5bkE3REVlUXBKeWNYMmtpckN4Q25abjFjZTBudS9rN0NNTHhaNWgzejhvN1psUVV5VnNnMWhNY2JrRG81UWRYMVMrM1pZSGZEbms3Q2tudWZUMTVkREZJR1BGNmlBRjVLalNld0VjM1V1clJMbTJqYkZjTGZaTHQzVC8iLCJtYWMiOiIxYmNhOTY3NWU4MmJhMTg3MjhmZjJjYmQxODdkOWE0YWIzNTZjMDRhMWFjMzgxMTA5MjdjZDJmNGEzYzg4OTFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 02:51:09 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imk4cE0rT0RzdExMcEovQUZoSzc1Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNnNabTY5bkE3REVlUXBKeWNYMmtpckN4Q25abjFjZTBudS9rN0NNTHhaNWgzejhvN1psUVV5VnNnMWhNY2JrRG81UWRYM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRIaEtaUUhzam04QS9NMi84UFNVSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVSTitmc0hpc0NZbEVyQVUzV2VGVGFFQldNeG45Yzh3WE9MUmRiajA5c1I4cllMbGJaQ0Nrc3c0NGNWeGk2NlhYTjFoaVVGSDdUVVJrNWNmcnhwMUxtOVIrbTZrQjJMeWorTlBQSmVLVnhLdHlRMW1LeU9Bd2sreGJYUDliRloiLCJtYWMiOiJhYWM5Zjc5ZTgxZTJiNjJkOTg3MTVmNTUwMTY1NGYxYTM5YmMzZWQ0ZTI4NmZjNTIwZmFjZGFmZGIxOThkZjZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRIaEtaUUhzam04QS9NMi84UFNVSFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOGVSTitmc0hpc0NZbEVyQVUzV2VGVGFFQldNeG45Yzh3WE9MUmRiajA5c1I4cllMbGJaQ0Nrc3c" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "9FoCQworYE4ky55yAdyd7ysjKP4irxuhgiFh5JKG" "uc_cart_id" => "1ca327a64885eec52b209683fffd16e3" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/754" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 14:51:09GET/chapter/754112196