Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future

Synchronous and Rhythmic Light Display by a Panoramic Congregation of Fireflies at Varagaliar, Anamalai Tiger Reserve

Author(s): Mathish Nambiar-Veetil, Selvaraj P., Blessan Santhosh George, Ganesan M., Raghunath T. P. and Krishnakumar N.

Pp: 203-207 (5)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080215115010022

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Synchronous flashing of a large congregation of fireflies observed at Varagaliar, located in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve in the Tamil Nadu part of Western Ghats (10°25.09' N, 76°51.94' E, Elevation 2100 ft) is reported here. Typically, the fireflies on the topmost part of the tree crown flash a yellowish green light, almost immediately followed by similar light flashes serially by the fireflies below. The flashing pattern in each tree repeated itself cyclically, and other neighbouring trees had similar but unique synchronous displays. After a few cycles, fireflies in all the trees flash three times in unison as if appreciating their spectacular performance. The whole forest landscape resonated with pulsating waves of multiple kaleidoscopic flashes of light from several clusters of fireflies until dawn. This annual spectacle is observed only during the month of April, before the onset of the south-west monsoon, perhaps coinciding with the mating season of the adult insect that lives for about a month. Synchronous fireflies have also been reported elsewhere from Southeast Asia, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Elkmont, USA, and Brazil. Conserving this unique phenomenon at Varagaliar for posterity, necessitates a better understanding of the species composition of the fireflies involved in this phenomenon, the reasons for their synchronous behaviour, the geographical area that is congregated by these insects, the unique plant species composition, and the ecology and ecoclimate of this habitat that makes it an exclusive niche for congregation of synchronous fireflies.


Keywords: Anamalai, annual spectacle, conservation, cyclic, ecotourism, glow worms, mating, monsoon, synchronous fireflies, vegetation, Western Ghats.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version234msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[05:10:47] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (137ms)time
  • Application (96.41ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (58.78%)
    137ms
    1 x Application (41.22%)
    96.41ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed27.5ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51631602','',1,1740460247,1740460247) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740460247
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51631602','/chapter/7338',1,1740460247,1740460247)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51631602 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51631602) limit 1
      13.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51631602
      • 1: 51631602
      • 2: 51631602
      • 3: 51631602
      • 4: 51631602
      • 5: 51631602
      • 6: 51631602
      • 7: 51631602
      • 8: 51631602
      • 9: 51631602
      • 10: 51631602
      • 11: 51631602
      • 12: 51631602
      • 13: 51631602
      • 14: 51631602
      • 15: 51631602
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '7338' limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 7338
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '7338' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.73msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 7338
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '7338'
      1.66msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 7338
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 454 limit 1
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 454
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=454) and se.ebook_id!=454 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=454) and se.ebook_id!=454 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=454)
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=454) limit 10 offset 0
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1703 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1703
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 454 and ebook_volume_id <> 1703 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 454
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '7338' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '1703' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1703) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1703) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1703)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7338) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7338) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740460247 and j.to_date >= 1740460247 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7338)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1703 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740460247 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740460247 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1703
      • 3: 1740460247
      • 4: 1740460247
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='08abbcd7e6cb43b31bfc3dd2b7e01f9c'
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Ki5MV83M4Aq9LpHgPUEbpI9ILjosEvCnLFmgJjVe
        uc_cart_id
        08abbcd7e6cb43b31bfc3dd2b7e01f9c
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7338" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/7338
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkN4ZTRBNTBBS3FoUXQ1YS9mSzBlamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWHNFaXFyQlNwazBGR1RaK0dxOUdITDV1ck9OY0ltcm92cE84V2hvU0w5OD0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNTU3MDllZjE2ZDEyY2E5Yzk0ZDg2YmMwNjY4MDQyNWY0OTg5MDE5MjhiMTgxYmNiZjFjNjAzODBmMjdiMGNmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkN4ZTRBNTBBS3FoUXQ1YS9mSzBlamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWHNFaXFyQlNwazBGR1RaK0dxOUdITDV1ck9OY0ltcm92cE84V2hvU0w5OD0iLCJtYWMiOiJiNTU3MDllZjE2ZDEy" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 05:10:47 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpRU1R5ZkZpQW0yMFBwKzVxRERiMVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFmMEZnSDVqYnFrQk9vRFc4ZThmbndHdDBIeEJyV1gzbGlBYWorek5IQWptaDA3WkVRZmRQSkJ3Um93NzhUTnU0dEx5OVBNOG54MFRmZ1ZIRTRmNWVRRFFyb2sxWTBGNXlrWkRBMWVRcGtxRUp4MytxWFN5VFNoWTJ4QnJWNnYiLCJtYWMiOiJiMDEwNmI5ZjkzNDRmZjJlYTE0ODg2NzU1NGFiMzBjZDg5MDE4ZWI2ZGRlOTY3ODc0NjdmYWQ3YWVmY2ZkMjI1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 17:10:47 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpRU1R5ZkZpQW0yMFBwKzVxRERiMVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFmMEZnSDVqYnFrQk9vRFc4ZThmbndHdDBIeEJyV1gzbGlBYWorek5IQWptaDA3WkVRZmRQSkJ3Um93NzhUTnU0dEx5O" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBxM0RNT2hXVVRQWHFzR0sxWTR1MkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnkzRFpDQlMwbk1RTUdiTWlXWmkvTnJ4RnV3ZmUzUXpRRU14aU1ZS0l4clBpczZDUFI1Q2VDcERaUGZDREgwR2Y2dkNvNjgwYWg5NlVIZjNjWTdPUmJSbklzZkZWdFdaSnhCTmpFM0lvWXNScFcvU0VnN3cwNGttTEl3WWoxMUUiLCJtYWMiOiIyNzNmYjBiYjI5ZGI3MzhkNDM0ZjIwNzg2OWJhZjVlNTY2MzE4MTU1OGRhN2U5ZmM3ZjBiZjJhOGM2YjcyNjIwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBxM0RNT2hXVVRQWHFzR0sxWTR1MkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnkzRFpDQlMwbk1RTUdiTWlXWmkvTnJ4RnV3ZmUzUXpRRU14aU1ZS0l4clBpczZDUFI1Q2VDcER" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpRU1R5ZkZpQW0yMFBwKzVxRERiMVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFmMEZnSDVqYnFrQk9vRFc4ZThmbndHdDBIeEJyV1gzbGlBYWorek5IQWptaDA3WkVRZmRQSkJ3Um93NzhUTnU0dEx5OVBNOG54MFRmZ1ZIRTRmNWVRRFFyb2sxWTBGNXlrWkRBMWVRcGtxRUp4MytxWFN5VFNoWTJ4QnJWNnYiLCJtYWMiOiJiMDEwNmI5ZjkzNDRmZjJlYTE0ODg2NzU1NGFiMzBjZDg5MDE4ZWI2ZGRlOTY3ODc0NjdmYWQ3YWVmY2ZkMjI1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 17:10:47 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpRU1R5ZkZpQW0yMFBwKzVxRERiMVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFmMEZnSDVqYnFrQk9vRFc4ZThmbndHdDBIeEJyV1gzbGlBYWorek5IQWptaDA3WkVRZmRQSkJ3Um93NzhUTnU0dEx5O" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBxM0RNT2hXVVRQWHFzR0sxWTR1MkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnkzRFpDQlMwbk1RTUdiTWlXWmkvTnJ4RnV3ZmUzUXpRRU14aU1ZS0l4clBpczZDUFI1Q2VDcERaUGZDREgwR2Y2dkNvNjgwYWg5NlVIZjNjWTdPUmJSbklzZkZWdFdaSnhCTmpFM0lvWXNScFcvU0VnN3cwNGttTEl3WWoxMUUiLCJtYWMiOiIyNzNmYjBiYjI5ZGI3MzhkNDM0ZjIwNzg2OWJhZjVlNTY2MzE4MTU1OGRhN2U5ZmM3ZjBiZjJhOGM2YjcyNjIwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBxM0RNT2hXVVRQWHFzR0sxWTR1MkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMnkzRFpDQlMwbk1RTUdiTWlXWmkvTnJ4RnV3ZmUzUXpRRU14aU1ZS0l4clBpczZDUFI1Q2VDcER" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Ki5MV83M4Aq9LpHgPUEbpI9ILjosEvCnLFmgJjVe" "uc_cart_id" => "08abbcd7e6cb43b31bfc3dd2b7e01f9c" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7338" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 05:10:47GET/chapter/73381121913