Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future

Biodiversity Valuation of Marine Ecosystem of the South-West Coast of India with Special Reference to Kerala Coast

Author(s): Joshi K.K., Narayanakumar R., Ranimary George, Molly Varghese, Jasmine S., Srinath K.R., Saravanan S., Somy Kuriakose, Geetha Antony, Geetha P.M. and Gimy George

Pp: 183-193 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080215115010020

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Measuring biodiversity has been a challenge in valuing and developing quantitative indicators for its management and conservation. The faunal and floral species diversity and richness makes the south west of India one of the hot spots of biodiversity as well as an area of important multispecies fisheries. Among the 118 species of sea weeds reported, majority belong to the family Rhodomelaceae (13), followed by Caulerpaceae (10), Cladophoraceae (6), Ulvaceae (5), Dictyotaceae (5). A total of 730 molluscan species were enlisted from southwest coast which include 515 species of gastropods, 171 species of bivalves, 28 species of cephalopods and 14 species of scaphopods. Crustacean diversity is shown by the presence of 218 species including 152 species of crabs, 57 species of shrimps and 9 species of lobsters. 950 fish species occur along the coast of which 800 species are landed in commercial fishery. Total fish landings from the area were about 1.187 million tonnes. Marine fish landings from Kerala was 7.43 lakh tonnes of which more than 50% was contributed by oil sardine, mackerel, threadfin breams, carangids and penaeid prawns. Out of the 21871 fishing crafts along Kerala coast 3768 are trawlers, 60 purse seiners, 460 gillnetters and 495 ring seiners. The value estimated for the ecosystem services and natural capital of Kerala coast is of US $ 1660-1930 billion per year from an area of 260101 km2 which includes brackish water, estuaries and Open Ocean.


Keywords: Biodiversity indicators, biodiversity valuation, bio-resources, Kerala coast, southwest coast.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316589210 and j.to_ip >=316589210 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740471167 and j.to_date >= 1740471167 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7336) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316589210 and j.to_ip >=316589210 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740471167 and j.to_date >= 1740471167 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7336) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316589210 and j.to_ip >=316589210 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740471167 and j.to_date >= 1740471167 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7336)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1703 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740471167 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740471167 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1703
      • 3: 1740471167
      • 4: 1740471167
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='de940c6fb3b285f74262102dacd61264'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        cPGh91FCyT6jTO4AslpOnAG1ltLR7DAQR3N9x5dP
        uc_cart_id
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        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7336" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
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        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:12:47 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpUWWd3YVhaN0Erb2FRSDBJQW9LbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM21ndVlnNHJVSjdQMFpKNWpzd0U0NkdTTDkxV1BXRjBPUnBSOXNTUzYvdDd6NURsVjI5bzM2YTMxTVJVK0thZ2RDZ1psbkpmWXNVNjZ5QTFtTlA1UzlCNkpRaklXVTlDaGVaZkhpdG1vcXFJK3FjazRubURUb3k2NTkzNFVEdEsiLCJtYWMiOiIyMmMxYTY4NzIxYmY3MTg3NWNjOWIwNzdkYWYwMDNhMjA1Zjg0ZWYwZjE4Y2I1NTFlNjc3Y2RhZTMyOGU0OWZhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 20:12:47 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpUWWd3YVhaN0Erb2FRSDBJQW9LbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM21ndVlnNHJVSjdQMFpKNWpzd0U0NkdTTDkxV1BXRjBPUnBSOXNTUzYvdDd6NURsVjI5bzM2YTMxTVJVK0thZ2RDZ1psb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjZob2NNZ0tKZ1lxcGNsZHRLVTNDRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXlCR0UzSmZVUGNiaHhTUEh2R1Qvd3YwaEZwc1RyK0Q5aktRZVJRMlFGbXBvL3YyUHBGc3g5cFRhT1NFSGJLclE5ZnJ3NkhDZGVzV01sOTdJVDVVaHhiN3JyMFpIZXViZHlFeHh6czhaSno5T09jRHJYcGs1dU4yM2NHQlZLUTYiLCJtYWMiOiJiYzdhNWE0N2ZmODY4ZTk3YWIyZGQ0NDE1NzRhMWE4ZGQxMDBmZDk2NzQwNzk4ZTlmMzhlYTgzYjk2MDg1YTFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjZob2NNZ0tKZ1lxcGNsZHRLVTNDRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXlCR0UzSmZVUGNiaHhTUEh2R1Qvd3YwaEZwc1RyK0Q5aktRZVJRMlFGbXBvL3YyUHBGc3g5cFR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpUWWd3YVhaN0Erb2FRSDBJQW9LbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM21ndVlnNHJVSjdQMFpKNWpzd0U0NkdTTDkxV1BXRjBPUnBSOXNTUzYvdDd6NURsVjI5bzM2YTMxTVJVK0thZ2RDZ1psbkpmWXNVNjZ5QTFtTlA1UzlCNkpRaklXVTlDaGVaZkhpdG1vcXFJK3FjazRubURUb3k2NTkzNFVEdEsiLCJtYWMiOiIyMmMxYTY4NzIxYmY3MTg3NWNjOWIwNzdkYWYwMDNhMjA1Zjg0ZWYwZjE4Y2I1NTFlNjc3Y2RhZTMyOGU0OWZhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 20:12:47 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpUWWd3YVhaN0Erb2FRSDBJQW9LbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM21ndVlnNHJVSjdQMFpKNWpzd0U0NkdTTDkxV1BXRjBPUnBSOXNTUzYvdDd6NURsVjI5bzM2YTMxTVJVK0thZ2RDZ1psb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjZob2NNZ0tKZ1lxcGNsZHRLVTNDRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXlCR0UzSmZVUGNiaHhTUEh2R1Qvd3YwaEZwc1RyK0Q5aktRZVJRMlFGbXBvL3YyUHBGc3g5cFRhT1NFSGJLclE5ZnJ3NkhDZGVzV01sOTdJVDVVaHhiN3JyMFpIZXViZHlFeHh6czhaSno5T09jRHJYcGs1dU4yM2NHQlZLUTYiLCJtYWMiOiJiYzdhNWE0N2ZmODY4ZTk3YWIyZGQ0NDE1NzRhMWE4ZGQxMDBmZDk2NzQwNzk4ZTlmMzhlYTgzYjk2MDg1YTFiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjZob2NNZ0tKZ1lxcGNsZHRLVTNDRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXlCR0UzSmZVUGNiaHhTUEh2R1Qvd3YwaEZwc1RyK0Q5aktRZVJRMlFGbXBvL3YyUHBGc3g5cFR" ] ]
        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "cPGh91FCyT6jTO4AslpOnAG1ltLR7DAQR3N9x5dP" "uc_cart_id" => "de940c6fb3b285f74262102dacd61264" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7336" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 08:12:47GET/chapter/7336112197