Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future

An Initiative towards Achieving the ‘Access and Benefit Sharing’ Provisions of Biodiversity Act 2002 and Rules 2004, India

Author(s): Sudipta Mukherjee, Soumyendra Nath Ghosh and Debal Ray

Pp: 151-156 (6)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080215115010017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

One of the major concepts of conservation of biodiversity on the International and National level is “equitable sharing of benefits arising out of uses of genetic resources”. The main instrument for ensuring this in India is documenting biodiversity along with traditional knowledge in the form of People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR). The PBR database reveals that a large number of Traditional Rice Varieties are being maintained, till date, by the farmers on their own. It is reported that 467 traditional varieties are still in cultivation in the fields of West Bengal, against a number of nearly 5000 that existed 50 years back in the state. Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Right (PPV&FR) Act 2001 [1] offers rights to the farmers that is akin to some degree to Biological Diversity Act, 2002. West Bengal Biodiversity Board has taken initiative to build synergy between these two Acts. As per Section 14-19 of the PPV & FR Act, the process of registration of varieties in the name of concerned farmer/group of farmers from different parts of the state has been initiated which would provide them a right to get adequate compensation from those who develop the new varieties for commercial benefits using the traditional ones. These two complementary acts may change the scenario of “Access and Benefit Sharing” provisions, particularly in the agricultural sector.


Keywords: Access Benefit Sharing, Biodiversity Act, CBD, equitable sharing, farmer’s varieties, People’s Biodiversity Register, PPV& FR Act, Rice, traditional knowledge.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457192 and j.to_date >= 1740457192 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7333) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457192 and j.to_date >= 1740457192 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7333) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51631602 and j.to_ip >=51631602 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457192 and j.to_date >= 1740457192 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7333)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1703 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740457192 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740457192 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1703
      • 3: 1740457192
      • 4: 1740457192
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='76fc419799aa405240caee7216cc3c4b'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        LHXMGdZa75CSFgTraH7ugOkIJyukbuf7iwUQu250
        uc_cart_id
        76fc419799aa405240caee7216cc3c4b
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7333" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/7333
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:19:52 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRsbWREVXVhRHNGVDdlckZTcFA0aUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOHp6OCtkeXBDLytkdUlQVjhEQ1k5Q1JPazFJVjEvVXNOL01uNmRLZjBJaElvMVpFMjhOaU9NcDFvQU9SRHFmZllOWlhhbFlnSjFHSS9VcjFJeCt2MGdCSlF6VHpvVTV2ejJ0UXlTaHlxZysyWHBVY2hSelA5ejZpTWVEdURFWXAiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZWJjOTZmNWZiYjMwMjgzMjVkZDNiZGUwNmE4NjQ0MjczODJmYjJlNWE2MWEwZTM5ZmM3NTJjMWE1NjNlMzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:19:52 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRsbWREVXVhRHNGVDdlckZTcFA0aUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOHp6OCtkeXBDLytkdUlQVjhEQ1k5Q1JPazFJVjEvVXNOL01uNmRLZjBJaElvMVpFMjhOaU9NcDFvQU9SRHFmZllOWlhhb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpnWWRRbVhpOGEzdlFBdHJrME1zS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUmU2aHBhVWJ0cUQwZmo0dndEOUtxcWpKNmVQMWVyd0l5bG80WnR1M3pwSGlZUWo1K1phL3JFa1ExcXJIS3hWdzBXZk85SlZYQUMyWi8rd1JWOExjT1AyRmRTZWVqaGdyTWtUWm1xTEFCNTB4bnkyVGpneXhVVE9vdnVLZDBzY2ciLCJtYWMiOiI5YjZiYzYyOWZlYjdkZDg0NzRhZGQzMWY5ODVkZGRmZjdlZmJjYjhkNDlmMWNkMDZjZjQzNDYxYjAwMjVlMDQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpnWWRRbVhpOGEzdlFBdHJrME1zS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUmU2aHBhVWJ0cUQwZmo0dndEOUtxcWpKNmVQMWVyd0l5bG80WnR1M3pwSGlZUWo1K1phL3JFa1E" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRsbWREVXVhRHNGVDdlckZTcFA0aUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOHp6OCtkeXBDLytkdUlQVjhEQ1k5Q1JPazFJVjEvVXNOL01uNmRLZjBJaElvMVpFMjhOaU9NcDFvQU9SRHFmZllOWlhhbFlnSjFHSS9VcjFJeCt2MGdCSlF6VHpvVTV2ejJ0UXlTaHlxZysyWHBVY2hSelA5ejZpTWVEdURFWXAiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZWJjOTZmNWZiYjMwMjgzMjVkZDNiZGUwNmE4NjQ0MjczODJmYjJlNWE2MWEwZTM5ZmM3NTJjMWE1NjNlMzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:19:52 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRsbWREVXVhRHNGVDdlckZTcFA0aUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOHp6OCtkeXBDLytkdUlQVjhEQ1k5Q1JPazFJVjEvVXNOL01uNmRLZjBJaElvMVpFMjhOaU9NcDFvQU9SRHFmZllOWlhhb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpnWWRRbVhpOGEzdlFBdHJrME1zS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUmU2aHBhVWJ0cUQwZmo0dndEOUtxcWpKNmVQMWVyd0l5bG80WnR1M3pwSGlZUWo1K1phL3JFa1ExcXJIS3hWdzBXZk85SlZYQUMyWi8rd1JWOExjT1AyRmRTZWVqaGdyTWtUWm1xTEFCNTB4bnkyVGpneXhVVE9vdnVLZDBzY2ciLCJtYWMiOiI5YjZiYzYyOWZlYjdkZDg0NzRhZGQzMWY5ODVkZGRmZjdlZmJjYjhkNDlmMWNkMDZjZjQzNDYxYjAwMjVlMDQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkpnWWRRbVhpOGEzdlFBdHJrME1zS0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUmU2aHBhVWJ0cUQwZmo0dndEOUtxcWpKNmVQMWVyd0l5bG80WnR1M3pwSGlZUWo1K1phL3JFa1E" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "LHXMGdZa75CSFgTraH7ugOkIJyukbuf7iwUQu250" "uc_cart_id" => "76fc419799aa405240caee7216cc3c4b" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7333" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:19:52GET/chapter/73331121911