Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future

Non Wood Forest Biodiversity for Food Security- Rattans a Case Study

Author(s): Manohara T. N.

Pp: 121-126 (6)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080215115010014

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Studies were conducted on two rattan species of the North East India, Calamus flagellum Griff. ex Mart. and C. floribundus Griff. (Arecaceae), to know the nutrient value of the shoots. In general, the rattan species studied contain considerable amounts of protein, carbohydrate, fibres, vitamins and minerals. When compared to other palm shoots and bamboo shoots the level of sodium and fat are very low. The level of Vitamin B complex was at par with other leafy vegetables and bamboo species. Phosphorous content was also more in rattans than in the leafy vegetables. Nutritional features of rattan shoots make them an excellent source of dietary supplements to local people. The rattans can be promoted among farmers as under storey crops in an agroforestry system and in shifting cultivation to provide enhanced livelihood options. Large scale cultivation of edible Rattans with community participation will reduce the pressures on harvesting from the wild and promote conservation of the rich diversity of Rattans in India.


Keywords: Agroforestry, Calamus, dietary fibres, edible shoots, lowering cholesterol, niacin, nutrient, Rattans, thiamine.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316419989 and j.to_ip >=316419989 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740474175 and j.to_date >= 1740474175 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7330) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316419989 and j.to_ip >=316419989 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740474175 and j.to_date >= 1740474175 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7330) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316419989 and j.to_ip >=316419989 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740474175 and j.to_date >= 1740474175 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7330)
      650μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1703 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740474175 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740474175 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1703
      • 3: 1740474175
      • 4: 1740474175
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9f706852297fd2a9d05f7a666e2fa3a2'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        WtwVR9Erj0rU7dg1jh629XqfbYDS8Tz17EM17Lb4
        uc_cart_id
        9f706852297fd2a9d05f7a666e2fa3a2
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7330" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/7330
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ikw0cTFXcTdscFRteDBiTG01UXIremc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZUZNTjVNQmJKTWxOeHhyTjlkUGRWSXdjSGIrekorUEp0ODJMWlh2OHhPMD0iLCJtYWMiOiI5MGQxNmQ4ZWMwMzBkYmE0NGY4YjdiNDhmMzY3NGY2ZjA5YWFjZmJmOTcwYzZhNzdjNWIwY2Y3ZGMxMTA4MjBlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ikw0cTFXcTdscFRteDBiTG01UXIremc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZUZNTjVNQmJKTWxOeHhyTjlkUGRWSXdjSGIrekorUEp0ODJMWlh2OHhPMD0iLCJtYWMiOiI5MGQxNmQ4ZWMwMzBk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 09:02:55 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNJQnlRbmswdm85YndEVXpHYmkxUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1VPQUJrZE5qeVoxeE1Fc21maUVOeTVHN0I2VU9yL2tTT3dCSVdpQjFnVjM1QWRXRDNaQ21uVm9aeEZuZEN4WGx2MmI1cmwzZGdrcDRSYWIrVlhoU04zMU5hbFl1UCtONVBFaitBWWg2RHVtNCt0MUNEKzQ5YlovOTVwWTVHQWwiLCJtYWMiOiI1MDY3MGUzZjMxNWRiYzIwZDhjNjVjYWFhNjhmOTAwOGE3MmQxOTczNmY1NzQxYmU4NTJlMWQ3YTViY2NiZjM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 21:02:55 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNJQnlRbmswdm85YndEVXpHYmkxUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1VPQUJrZE5qeVoxeE1Fc21maUVOeTVHN0I2VU9yL2tTT3dCSVdpQjFnVjM1QWRXRDNaQ21uVm9aeEZuZEN4WGx2MmI1c" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJtMzVPc0g1K1FxbXNLSzZVYjBMK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNk1tUTVxYlpaOEkwTGFuVFhIK3JTY2pickJCbUNtRUdHNng0UGhWdWpiRFA4NkZRSjdKT2dBMGdYYlBWdzZWMk5PYStCK3ZwVUJCZFFaVnRoc2ZOdjU0Y0p1N2g4dDl4M3hGOU1PbXd1TWtLNkp3elFRRUFQUUJYYlZ1TlFxRzkiLCJtYWMiOiI2YTZmZGE2Zjk4MjJlZGNlNTE4YjMyYWIwNzAxYjY3YzBkMzQwZDMxMGQ4MjFkN2FmZGI1NzExNjEzYTdjNTQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJtMzVPc0g1K1FxbXNLSzZVYjBMK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNk1tUTVxYlpaOEkwTGFuVFhIK3JTY2pickJCbUNtRUdHNng0UGhWdWpiRFA4NkZRSjdKT2dBMGd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNJQnlRbmswdm85YndEVXpHYmkxUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1VPQUJrZE5qeVoxeE1Fc21maUVOeTVHN0I2VU9yL2tTT3dCSVdpQjFnVjM1QWRXRDNaQ21uVm9aeEZuZEN4WGx2MmI1cmwzZGdrcDRSYWIrVlhoU04zMU5hbFl1UCtONVBFaitBWWg2RHVtNCt0MUNEKzQ5YlovOTVwWTVHQWwiLCJtYWMiOiI1MDY3MGUzZjMxNWRiYzIwZDhjNjVjYWFhNjhmOTAwOGE3MmQxOTczNmY1NzQxYmU4NTJlMWQ3YTViY2NiZjM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 21:02:55 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNJQnlRbmswdm85YndEVXpHYmkxUkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib1VPQUJrZE5qeVoxeE1Fc21maUVOeTVHN0I2VU9yL2tTT3dCSVdpQjFnVjM1QWRXRDNaQ21uVm9aeEZuZEN4WGx2MmI1c" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJtMzVPc0g1K1FxbXNLSzZVYjBMK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNk1tUTVxYlpaOEkwTGFuVFhIK3JTY2pickJCbUNtRUdHNng0UGhWdWpiRFA4NkZRSjdKT2dBMGdYYlBWdzZWMk5PYStCK3ZwVUJCZFFaVnRoc2ZOdjU0Y0p1N2g4dDl4M3hGOU1PbXd1TWtLNkp3elFRRUFQUUJYYlZ1TlFxRzkiLCJtYWMiOiI2YTZmZGE2Zjk4MjJlZGNlNTE4YjMyYWIwNzAxYjY3YzBkMzQwZDMxMGQ4MjFkN2FmZGI1NzExNjEzYTdjNTQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJtMzVPc0g1K1FxbXNLSzZVYjBMK1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNk1tUTVxYlpaOEkwTGFuVFhIK3JTY2pickJCbUNtRUdHNng0UGhWdWpiRFA4NkZRSjdKT2dBMGd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "WtwVR9Erj0rU7dg1jh629XqfbYDS8Tz17EM17Lb4" "uc_cart_id" => "9f706852297fd2a9d05f7a666e2fa3a2" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7330" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 09:02:55GET/chapter/73301121911