Biodiversity Conservation - Challenges for the Future

Population Density and Conservation Status of Indian Gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus) in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, Northeast India

Author(s): Mary P.P., Debbarma J., Kumar Awadhesh and Gupta A.K.

Pp: 97-102 (6)

DOI: 10.2174/9781681080215115010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Indian gaur or Indian bison (Bos gaurus gaurus) is a wild bovid. It is categorized as vulnerable in the IUCN Red list of threatened species, 2009 and listed in schedule-1 of Indian wildlife (protection) act, 1972. The present population density and conservation status of gaur in Tripura was studied. Trishna wildlife sanctuary, popularly known as “Eden of Bison”, is situated in the South Tripura district. It is home to five primate species, namely, Spectacled langur (Trachypithecus phayrie), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemtsetrina) Capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) and Hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock). Physical characters and feeding behaviour of gaur are recorded. Direct counting of stratified block count method was followed to assess the population strength of gaur. The whole sanctuary was stratified into three habitats, in situ., dense forest, degraded forest and bushy forest. Counts of sample blocks of the three strata were recorded and total population of the sanctuary was found to be 255±139. Stratum-wise population density was calculated to be 0.99, 1.67 and 1.88 for dense forest, degraded forest and bushy forest respectively. Many conservation measures are taken up by the Forest department to protect this species and its habitat. However, some anthropogenic threats and adverse effects of global warming on gaur are recorded. Further measures are recommended to conserve Indian gaur and its habitat for the benefit of future generations.


Keywords: Bison, conservation strategies, hunting, Indian gaur, indigenous knowledge, poaching, population density, vulnerable, wild life sanctuary.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314564252 and j.to_ip >=314564252 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473382 and j.to_date >= 1740473382 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7327) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314564252 and j.to_ip >=314564252 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473382 and j.to_date >= 1740473382 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7327) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314564252 and j.to_ip >=314564252 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740473382 and j.to_date >= 1740473382 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 7327)
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1703 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740473382 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740473382 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.23msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1703
      • 3: 1740473382
      • 4: 1740473382
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ed51d4b47f7a9010dc29a840f9a9c463'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        4NfpWcQblloPjslSnXD8f62OmLTFrnrT23mtTWxO
        uc_cart_id
        ed51d4b47f7a9010dc29a840f9a9c463
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7327" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/7327
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ino5NVRxcFY4TUM3Q3g1aGwxRkJ5TXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEJaUm9CbWc2ZEVmRG9pRUZ3WHh0UFcySXViNDh4TWZoY1B6OVpaLzBUbz0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZDI2MmM4ZDUwMDdlMTJjMGY3YWFmZGEzZjkxYTZlYTY2YTIzNzhkNjg4ZDQ5NTI2MGQ5ZTg1NjI1OTlkZTI2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ino5NVRxcFY4TUM3Q3g1aGwxRkJ5TXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTEJaUm9CbWc2ZEVmRG9pRUZ3WHh0UFcySXViNDh4TWZoY1B6OVpaLzBUbz0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZDI2MmM4ZDUwMDdl" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:49:42 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9Jc2l3MWVVTHlBTWU5ZTFoMTlPR2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnNyTlRvQmJReEcxNTVFQ0p4UUdSWGpXOVk5NjdMZmVkNzNNT2FST0N2ekxLbFZIMFBmRHMzeXJndHJLMUZGOXVpUUpVUlMwMkVvWnR6N2xBYmN5VWFlY2RUWjVyN2o5T1o2WkkwUjdGRG5qRU5FbVJQUGRJT0g3MysrWGY5b1giLCJtYWMiOiI0MzRlZDMzNDliZThmOGQ5OGZiYWQyNDBiYjFhMDJlNjIyY2NlNTRhMjE3NGNhODIxM2NkODUxYzE2OTllNTk3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 20:49:42 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9Jc2l3MWVVTHlBTWU5ZTFoMTlPR2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnNyTlRvQmJReEcxNTVFQ0p4UUdSWGpXOVk5NjdMZmVkNzNNT2FST0N2ekxLbFZIMFBmRHMzeXJndHJLMUZGOXVpUUpVU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijh3a3FENGpSamFzdkV6N3hDVy9FRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYk1yTHd1TWRzZFYvR2dTUXhFRkJlZE5JNlEycUR2cmQyV0hGM09FVFA1RHFOaGFVcm9wNE44d1dpQU1FZnhHRHd4Z2VxdUoxRFNNdDZGY083REZFbFlENWJjRzlKd2xXWTUwZGdEQk5RUEJ3cTVPUk9TOWxYMW8xVXYyd002UWkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNjUwODc3YWI3MjE0Y2Q1ODIzNGUzNGRjOTFkZTRkNmEwNjAyYzkzODdhNGQ0MjEyMjFjNDhkY2NiYjhiYzgwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijh3a3FENGpSamFzdkV6N3hDVy9FRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYk1yTHd1TWRzZFYvR2dTUXhFRkJlZE5JNlEycUR2cmQyV0hGM09FVFA1RHFOaGFVcm9wNE44d1d" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9Jc2l3MWVVTHlBTWU5ZTFoMTlPR2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnNyTlRvQmJReEcxNTVFQ0p4UUdSWGpXOVk5NjdMZmVkNzNNT2FST0N2ekxLbFZIMFBmRHMzeXJndHJLMUZGOXVpUUpVUlMwMkVvWnR6N2xBYmN5VWFlY2RUWjVyN2o5T1o2WkkwUjdGRG5qRU5FbVJQUGRJT0g3MysrWGY5b1giLCJtYWMiOiI0MzRlZDMzNDliZThmOGQ5OGZiYWQyNDBiYjFhMDJlNjIyY2NlNTRhMjE3NGNhODIxM2NkODUxYzE2OTllNTk3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 20:49:42 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9Jc2l3MWVVTHlBTWU5ZTFoMTlPR2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnNyTlRvQmJReEcxNTVFQ0p4UUdSWGpXOVk5NjdMZmVkNzNNT2FST0N2ekxLbFZIMFBmRHMzeXJndHJLMUZGOXVpUUpVU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijh3a3FENGpSamFzdkV6N3hDVy9FRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYk1yTHd1TWRzZFYvR2dTUXhFRkJlZE5JNlEycUR2cmQyV0hGM09FVFA1RHFOaGFVcm9wNE44d1dpQU1FZnhHRHd4Z2VxdUoxRFNNdDZGY083REZFbFlENWJjRzlKd2xXWTUwZGdEQk5RUEJ3cTVPUk9TOWxYMW8xVXYyd002UWkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNjUwODc3YWI3MjE0Y2Q1ODIzNGUzNGRjOTFkZTRkNmEwNjAyYzkzODdhNGQ0MjEyMjFjNDhkY2NiYjhiYzgwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijh3a3FENGpSamFzdkV6N3hDVy9FRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYk1yTHd1TWRzZFYvR2dTUXhFRkJlZE5JNlEycUR2cmQyV0hGM09FVFA1RHFOaGFVcm9wNE44d1d" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "4NfpWcQblloPjslSnXD8f62OmLTFrnrT23mtTWxO" "uc_cart_id" => "ed51d4b47f7a9010dc29a840f9a9c463" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/7327" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 08:49:42GET/chapter/73271121911