Cancer

Cancer is the topic of this chapter. Radiation causes cancer. In particular, cosmic radiation, gamma rays, muons and x-rays are carcinogenic. The link between colon cancer and space-based radiation was discussed. A number of specific causal mechanisms were considered, including free radicals, HZE nuclei, and lack of antioxidants. Claims that the outer space environment is characterized by high levels of radiation were discussed, along with the contrary perspective. It was claimed that radiation is the biggest risk to spacefarers. It was documented that space radiation is particularly carcinogenic. The radiation implications of the Mars Mission were discussed. The efficacy and desirability of Earth-based vs spacebased research was examined. Solutions to space-induced cancer were analyzed, including shielding, antioxidants and prevention.

Keywords: Acute effects, antioxidants, beta-carotine, carcinogenic, central nervous system, chromosones, cosmic radiation, free radical, gamma ray, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curiosity moon rover, Hiroshima, ion, ionization, Mars, Mars Society, muon, subatomic, wavelength, 56Fe.