Helicobacter Pylori: A Worldwide Perspective 2014

Extradigestive Manifestations of Helicobacter pylori Infection: What is Proven and Unproven in 2014?

Author(s): Natale Figura, Giulia Fiorilli, Francesco Langone, Leonardo Vaglio and Elena Moretti

Pp: 336-395 (60)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608057375114010019

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

It has long been known that chronic bacterial infections have an impact upon the overall organism. H. pylori infection is no exception to the rule. Indeed, the infection is acquired early in life and induces an intense/moderate local and systemic inflammatory status that lasts for the entire patients’ life. During this time, different organs and systems of infected individuals are exposed to injures exerted by the inflammation and immune responses to the infection, as well as to autoimmune reactions triggered by mechanisms of antigenic mimicry between human tissue cells and H. pylori. The CagA-positive bacterial genotype is mostly involved in extradigestive manifestations of such an infection, due to the increased inflammatory potential of this organism. The organs and systems that most of all may suffer from the detrimental consequences of H. pylori infection are the cardiovascular (ischaemic heart diseases), haematological (purpura, urticaria etc.), central nervous (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases) and endocrine systems (autoimmune thyroid disorders). There is an increasing evidence, however, that no district of the human body is sheltered from the harmful effects of H. pylori infection. In conclusion, H. pylori infection may have deleterious consequences on organs and systems different from the gastroduodenal tract. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of extradigestive disorders associated with H. pylori infection, is essential to determine the CagA status of the infecting organisms.


Keywords: H. pylori infection, CagA, extradigestive diseases, ischaemic heart disease, idiopathic arrhythmia, migraine, Raynaud’s disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, iron deficiency anemia, Schönlein- Henoch purpura, MALT lymphoma, rosacea, chronic urticaria, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, reproductive disorders.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834846 and j.to_date >= 1739834846 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6144) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834846 and j.to_date >= 1739834846 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6144) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834846 and j.to_date >= 1739834846 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 6144)
      730μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1478 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834846 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834846 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1478
      • 3: 1739834846
      • 4: 1739834846
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5d53b5cd4ef9793165b576718e0d72af'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    21Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        QSNTESKMmhoHAH38NUWqBcHaFQ4j3VkKQJZhgfyv
        uc_cart_id
        5d53b5cd4ef9793165b576718e0d72af
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/6144" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/6144
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:27:26GET/chapter/61441121923