Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

Volume: 2

State-of-the-Art Nanopharmaceutical Drug Delivery Platforms for Antineoplastic Agents

Author(s): Georgi Ts. Momekov, Denitsa B. Momekova, Plamen T. Peykov and Nikolay G. Lambov

Pp: 282-368 (87)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608058082113020011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The anticancer agents share the distinction of having the lowest therapeutic indices among clinically utilized drug classes and hence antineoplastic chemotherapy is associated with dose-limiting toxicities. Moreover, many of the cytotoxic agents are characterized with pharmacokinetic problems, e.g., limited stability, fast elimination and low level of tissue penetration, further limiting their usefulness. The advances in our understanding of the tumor biology and microenvironment characteristics and the evolvement of nano-sized systems, suitable as drug-delivery platforms have conditioned immense research interest towards design and elaboration of tumor-targeted nano carriers. Based on the possibilities for ensuring tumor- or organ targeted delivery and triggered or controlled release nanocarriers allow for augmented and sustained anticancer activity of loaded agents, with a concomitant decreased systemic exposure and toxicity. Moreover, nano-carriers could also aid for improvement of the biopharmaceutical, stability and solubility characteristics of encapsulated drugs. The presented review gives a concise outline of the liposomes, polymeric micelles and related polymeric carriers, and molecular hosts as anticancer drug delivery platforms.


Keywords: Antineoplastic agents, targeted drug delivery, EPR effect, PEG, liposomes, nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, molecular hosts.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835021 and j.to_date >= 1739835021 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 5914) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835021 and j.to_date >= 1739835021 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 5914) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309684047 and j.to_ip >=309684047 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835021 and j.to_date >= 1739835021 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 5914)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1345 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835021 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835021 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.1msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1345
      • 3: 1739835021
      • 4: 1739835021
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='430cfb16e4132de1c2460f97a2391a99'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        A6Wij6Wuz2n7vdAUk1AZeycvCdyEQ0cFzB3tHtE4
        uc_cart_id
        430cfb16e4132de1c2460f97a2391a99
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/5914" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/5914
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "A6Wij6Wuz2n7vdAUk1AZeycvCdyEQ0cFzB3tHtE4" "uc_cart_id" => "430cfb16e4132de1c2460f97a2391a99" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/5914" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:30:21GET/chapter/59141121911