Brassinosteroids: Practical Applications in Agriculture and Human Health

Mitigation of Water Stress and Saline Stress by Brassinosteroids

Author(s): B. Vidya Vardhini

Pp: 16-25 (10)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805298111201010016

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Brassinosteroids is a new group of plant growth regulators with significant growth promoting influence which was first isolated and characterized from the pollen of Brassica napus L. Subsequently, they were reported from monocots, dicots, gymnosperms, pteridophyte and alga. Brassinosteroids are now considered as plant hormones with pleiotropic effects as they influence varied developmental processes like growth, germination of seeds, rhizogenesis, flowering, senescence and all kinds of stresses. This chapter reviews the effect of brassinosteroids in mitigating water and saline stresses.


Keywords: 24-epibrassinolide, abiotic stresses, drought resistance, drought stress, homobrassinolide, osmotic stress.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316686355 and j.to_ip >=316686355 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497792 and j.to_date >= 1740497792 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 551) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316686355 and j.to_ip >=316686355 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497792 and j.to_date >= 1740497792 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 551) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316686355 and j.to_ip >=316686355 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497792 and j.to_date >= 1740497792 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 551)
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 830 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497792 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497792 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.59msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 830
      • 3: 1740497792
      • 4: 1740497792
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='539223bf961bc5a59e4b23eb8fddb6ec'
      3.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        hZ3OaqHYeIh4I65ZmnrMxtrBNUzMIZpnFrv9WfhB
        uc_cart_id
        539223bf961bc5a59e4b23eb8fddb6ec
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/551" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/551
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InQrU2lQZU4xeU9sSWVXNXF6Ulhwb3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmpmSjAzMzhPTTVOMUN2RkNmNnQzeTljYUxqUlR0OUI1NDdrMThWTlNEST0iLCJtYWMiOiIzN2U3ODQ1ZGQyMjk3ZmUxMDlhOWE4M2RjMzNmMTRiZjY2OTQ2NmJlNzI3OGZmNTcxMzQ4YTk5YTRkYTAwNDMwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InQrU2lQZU4xeU9sSWVXNXF6Ulhwb3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmpmSjAzMzhPTTVOMUN2RkNmNnQzeTljYUxqUlR0OUI1NDdrMThWTlNEST0iLCJtYWMiOiIzN2U3ODQ1ZGQyMjk3" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:36:32 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imlwa1VHa0pRMk9sYVFBaHVMaXM0aFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQlV6bWQxREhKM3BQSVAvL2hJOXQ2K21FY0VBNW1hMHVOaGw4ZTdpVlJoWms4YUdRc1BlVjh0WVppY0VtQjZiTFhaMWJkQ2ZHOWFBN3VscDVlaldVeWJwM3JOaUhqRmZ4V1I4bWRtbHQ3S09UUGFHSFdISkE5Tnp1K1gxL0dKU0kiLCJtYWMiOiIyNGUzMzI2YWNlYTA2NTAyYzMwNjU4YmNhZmY0NDQzYjhjMDk4MzlmYWE0MWJkMGU1ZTRkODlkMWViZGJiZDRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:36:32 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imlwa1VHa0pRMk9sYVFBaHVMaXM0aFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQlV6bWQxREhKM3BQSVAvL2hJOXQ2K21FY0VBNW1hMHVOaGw4ZTdpVlJoWms4YUdRc1BlVjh0WVppY0VtQjZiTFhaMWJkQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkE0blEwdnI5NGlLZmxuQ2phQVZjUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRVhVRzZJdzJHdlJIM21WYW12UE54Z1hxZUVRRGVBbjVGR1pOUkxGVlphQVpDWFdOYXRkcGxCMkJ1ZWd5WFIwZHBwZ09TYThEYVY0d2EzTEJEaCtMcDkxbG4vQmFyZzFTQk1UR09UVy9EcWZDS1lGTTIwMVVNNjc0Ylhtd09haGoiLCJtYWMiOiI4YzVhMmNhMTNmNDYxMzc5ZmEwYWJiMTU2NWQ5MWRkZjZlZGJjMmZiY2M0YjIzZGEyYTE3ZjM1M2I0NWQxODljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkE0blEwdnI5NGlLZmxuQ2phQVZjUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRVhVRzZJdzJHdlJIM21WYW12UE54Z1hxZUVRRGVBbjVGR1pOUkxGVlphQVpDWFdOYXRkcGxCMkJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imlwa1VHa0pRMk9sYVFBaHVMaXM0aFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQlV6bWQxREhKM3BQSVAvL2hJOXQ2K21FY0VBNW1hMHVOaGw4ZTdpVlJoWms4YUdRc1BlVjh0WVppY0VtQjZiTFhaMWJkQ2ZHOWFBN3VscDVlaldVeWJwM3JOaUhqRmZ4V1I4bWRtbHQ3S09UUGFHSFdISkE5Tnp1K1gxL0dKU0kiLCJtYWMiOiIyNGUzMzI2YWNlYTA2NTAyYzMwNjU4YmNhZmY0NDQzYjhjMDk4MzlmYWE0MWJkMGU1ZTRkODlkMWViZGJiZDRlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:36:32 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Imlwa1VHa0pRMk9sYVFBaHVMaXM0aFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQlV6bWQxREhKM3BQSVAvL2hJOXQ2K21FY0VBNW1hMHVOaGw4ZTdpVlJoWms4YUdRc1BlVjh0WVppY0VtQjZiTFhaMWJkQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkE0blEwdnI5NGlLZmxuQ2phQVZjUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRVhVRzZJdzJHdlJIM21WYW12UE54Z1hxZUVRRGVBbjVGR1pOUkxGVlphQVpDWFdOYXRkcGxCMkJ1ZWd5WFIwZHBwZ09TYThEYVY0d2EzTEJEaCtMcDkxbG4vQmFyZzFTQk1UR09UVy9EcWZDS1lGTTIwMVVNNjc0Ylhtd09haGoiLCJtYWMiOiI4YzVhMmNhMTNmNDYxMzc5ZmEwYWJiMTU2NWQ5MWRkZjZlZGJjMmZiY2M0YjIzZGEyYTE3ZjM1M2I0NWQxODljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkE0blEwdnI5NGlLZmxuQ2phQVZjUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRVhVRzZJdzJHdlJIM21WYW12UE54Z1hxZUVRRGVBbjVGR1pOUkxGVlphQVpDWFdOYXRkcGxCMkJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "hZ3OaqHYeIh4I65ZmnrMxtrBNUzMIZpnFrv9WfhB" "uc_cart_id" => "539223bf961bc5a59e4b23eb8fddb6ec" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/551" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:36:32GET/chapter/551112198