Anti-Obesity Drug Discovery and Development

Volume: 1

Phytochemicals as Potential Agents for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases

Author(s): Taesun Park and Yunjung Kim

Pp: 150-185 (36)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805163211101010150

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The high incidence of obesity and the lack of safe pharmaceutical agents have fuelled an increase in researches related to anti-obesity drugs. Although a number of pharmacological approaches have been investigated in recent years, few safe and therapeutically effective products have been developed. Phytochemicals are components of plants that convey healthful properties beyond their use as macronutrients or micronutrients. These compounds have biological properties such as antioxidant, modulation of detoxification enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, reduction of platelet aggregation, and modulation of hormone metabolism. Furthermore, the latest discoveries and studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such phytochemicals suggest that they are potential agents in the treatment of obesity and associated diseases, and may be incorporated in food ingredients, dietary supplements, or drug components. The main focus of this chapter is to review the available information on various aspects of phytochemicals, with special reference to their effectiveness in reducing obesity and obesity-related diseases. The bioactives that have been derived from plants, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and other categories of phytochemicals based on their structure, have shown interesting effects on adipose tissue such as the induction of apoptosis, the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, and the induction of lipolysis. Besides the ample evidence of the anti-obesity effects of these phytochemicals in literature, the characterization of their properties and the accumulation of preclinical data could raise the possibility of a new application of these interesting phytochemicals as novel drug candidates or dietary supplements.


Keywords: Phytochemical, obesity, metabolic diseases, mechanism, drug candidate.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834428 and j.to_date >= 1739834428 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 544) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834428 and j.to_date >= 1739834428 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 544) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834428 and j.to_date >= 1739834428 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 544)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 829 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834428 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834428 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 829
      • 3: 1739834428
      • 4: 1739834428
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8521794b0c7087900975bed530e7637f'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        scvlWdT6dxOmSA381V0JqXo58SPnrnpB3oYyhVoQ
        uc_cart_id
        8521794b0c7087900975bed530e7637f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/544" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/544
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InFRR1RFM1cyUjN5K1l0RUFxUCtFSkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjgyUzF2LzRBODB4UHRPaWY2SVBNeXpzZGhJZUJTL0ZMSnZnaVpyOG5sST0iLCJtYWMiOiI1OTEyMWFlZjk5M2VlZGE4YjFhMmU2NGJjOGI2NDA4YTU3ODZhMDM5YjU2MGMwOWY1ZDUwNDdlYTJjZjI3N2QzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _ga_9F3B5VV3T3=GS1.1.1739834417.1.0.1739834417.60.0.0; _ga=GA1.1.1128806971.1739834417; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImJOOXJnWW9OM0QxY29pVDllSHRrSlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMXdyK0R5eGFDZHRadFFTdUtQTDVWNGtlUEMzaGU2RUJscEFadzR5QXhkS3lDVXdadXR2WW1sN3BEVTV2Z3FlUXROT2hNZUUrekxqSzNqSW5ZVngyZUJEVVpMNGFYQnRJR01yRFhuSGxRZ2lCYnlWRkNHdVg2Y3hJSk9zLzgvZy8iLCJtYWMiOiI1ZWI2OWRiYTkwYmYyOTM2NDBiMDc5YjU2YjIzM2IzNWFmODlhYWRiOThmZjhlN2NjOWQ1ZjZkY2JmOWE3ZTgyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik51TnpxclFtdmtaUjlIVXkvMXQzRlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibElDS3V2K0E3MkJUN21IRjU3VW41MHlhTW1HNTNPUlpXZ0IvaUZ5MGtPeldXcWNXSnBaY1FPYTNVeWNiMEp0K2ZpOEdCOUtObnZDNnVRN3R5V3hwSEhXcC9sUm4ydXBDRXRMR0JYTFViTFV2SSs3ODZyam54R3NrTXFVRHlGM1IiLCJtYWMiOiJkYWZiYmMwN2E3ODRlMTBmOTg3NGYzMjk5N2M5ZmMyZWI3ZDJjYzdmNGVlYWM2YmFiNmQ1ZGQ5NGU1NzE1N2M5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InFRR1RFM1cyUjN5K1l0RUFxUCtFSkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRjgyUzF2LzRBODB4UHRPaWY2SVBNeXpzZGhJZUJTL0ZMSnZnaVpyOG5sST0iLCJtYWMiOiI1OTEyMWFlZjk5M2Vl" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "scvlWdT6dxOmSA381V0JqXo58SPnrnpB3oYyhVoQ" "uc_cart_id" => "8521794b0c7087900975bed530e7637f" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/544" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:28GET/chapter/544112197