Mucins – Potential Regulators of Cell Functions Volume Title: Gel-Forming and Soluble Mucins

Gel-Forming Mucin MUC2

Author(s): Joseph Z. Zaretsky and Daniel H. Wreschner

Pp: 44-144 (101)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608054541113010006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The MUC2 glycoprotein is one of the most extensively studied secreted gelforming mucins. The gene encoding this protein has been cloned, sequenced and analyzed both structurally and functionally. The exon/intron composition of the MUC2 gene has been established, and its transcription investigated. The transcriptional activity of the gene is controlled by promoter regulatory elements and by the epigenetic mechanism. Biosynthesis of the MUC2 protein precursor and its processing and maturation associated with posttranslational modifications, such as N- and Oglycosylation, sulfation, sialylation and posttranslational proteolysis, have been thoroughly studied. Expression of MUC2 gene has been analyzed in different organs, tissues and cells under physiological conditions, including embryogenesis and fetal development, and in different forms of pathology. The molecular biology aspects of the MUC2 glycoprotein functioning, as well as its biosynthesis, posttranslational modifications and expression are discussed


Keywords: MUC2, domain structure, biosynthesis, promoter, transcriptional regulation, expression, development, pathology.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309725698 and j.to_ip >=309725698 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457533 and j.to_date >= 1740457533 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4923) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309725698 and j.to_ip >=309725698 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457533 and j.to_date >= 1740457533 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4923) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309725698 and j.to_ip >=309725698 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740457533 and j.to_date >= 1740457533 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4923)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1224 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740457533 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740457533 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1224
      • 3: 1740457533
      • 4: 1740457533
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='71c7d68489c6b5a8a40bd017e04d0255'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    8Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        IsEeWtefLYj6CwTYvRY4K3xUAzzmqGDoGnSHHVmf
        uc_cart_id
        71c7d68489c6b5a8a40bd017e04d0255
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4923" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/4923
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:25:33 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpHdGp1VE1xZlpJU2ZKUVI5eFVaMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytUVnVDWWZhNVJqb0wyWmtySnNWeVZYVXVzQmkrajJCNGkxakpLMzdVWWlDTllCdWg2ZWk4K3dYNWZ0VVMzcElQRkN5dFdJOFZlNDhtOG0zUkFPUDd4T0N6NWFRSkhXQlByWmJVQjZTLy9aRzVjNzRkVXFrUk04eVVST1M4RDUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMTE1YzE2OTY4ODE3N2YxOWM2N2JhZTI1MTBiZTUxYmViMzNjODA0ZGVkMzcyZjNhYmQzYjEzNmQ0NjZmZTA1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:25:33 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpHdGp1VE1xZlpJU2ZKUVI5eFVaMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytUVnVDWWZhNVJqb0wyWmtySnNWeVZYVXVzQmkrajJCNGkxakpLMzdVWWlDTllCdWg2ZWk4K3dYNWZ0VVMzcElQRkN5d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImoyZjMrMFVKQ0ZsdlUrU0N0NzY4SUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXg3bFN5bjQzZDZyZ2szallycGtMM3pzVHBSOXJpa0VBUkhhMitITGJwYzRHMEp4bWIyZW5EZ1RBMG1SaUdHWVUzQldEekN6MWgrQmU1NXZsNmdrQnV4QUR1bDJmVEUzWmc3T2JROXpxYkNkc0dZdXJ6Z0FTMHNmVUR2NmtJTjYiLCJtYWMiOiIzMGU3NTBlMmJmNDg1M2MyNzhmOTVkNDI0MmNiM2MwNzFiNDRkYWYyNGFlZmMyNzE5Zjg4ZDIxZmQ4ZTI5NzA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImoyZjMrMFVKQ0ZsdlUrU0N0NzY4SUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXg3bFN5bjQzZDZyZ2szallycGtMM3pzVHBSOXJpa0VBUkhhMitITGJwYzRHMEp4bWIyZW5EZ1R" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpHdGp1VE1xZlpJU2ZKUVI5eFVaMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytUVnVDWWZhNVJqb0wyWmtySnNWeVZYVXVzQmkrajJCNGkxakpLMzdVWWlDTllCdWg2ZWk4K3dYNWZ0VVMzcElQRkN5dFdJOFZlNDhtOG0zUkFPUDd4T0N6NWFRSkhXQlByWmJVQjZTLy9aRzVjNzRkVXFrUk04eVVST1M4RDUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMTE1YzE2OTY4ODE3N2YxOWM2N2JhZTI1MTBiZTUxYmViMzNjODA0ZGVkMzcyZjNhYmQzYjEzNmQ0NjZmZTA1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:25:33 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpHdGp1VE1xZlpJU2ZKUVI5eFVaMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLytUVnVDWWZhNVJqb0wyWmtySnNWeVZYVXVzQmkrajJCNGkxakpLMzdVWWlDTllCdWg2ZWk4K3dYNWZ0VVMzcElQRkN5d" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImoyZjMrMFVKQ0ZsdlUrU0N0NzY4SUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXg3bFN5bjQzZDZyZ2szallycGtMM3pzVHBSOXJpa0VBUkhhMitITGJwYzRHMEp4bWIyZW5EZ1RBMG1SaUdHWVUzQldEekN6MWgrQmU1NXZsNmdrQnV4QUR1bDJmVEUzWmc3T2JROXpxYkNkc0dZdXJ6Z0FTMHNmVUR2NmtJTjYiLCJtYWMiOiIzMGU3NTBlMmJmNDg1M2MyNzhmOTVkNDI0MmNiM2MwNzFiNDRkYWYyNGFlZmMyNzE5Zjg4ZDIxZmQ4ZTI5NzA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImoyZjMrMFVKQ0ZsdlUrU0N0NzY4SUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXg3bFN5bjQzZDZyZ2szallycGtMM3pzVHBSOXJpa0VBUkhhMitITGJwYzRHMEp4bWIyZW5EZ1R" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "IsEeWtefLYj6CwTYvRY4K3xUAzzmqGDoGnSHHVmf" "uc_cart_id" => "71c7d68489c6b5a8a40bd017e04d0255" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4923" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:25:33GET/chapter/49231121910