In Situ and Remote Sensing for Life

Author(s): Arnold Hanslmeier

Pp: 179-198 (20)

DOI: 10.2174/9781608054732113010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In this chapter we discuss the several attempts to search for life in the universe. Parts of this chapter are extracted from chapter 10 of another book of the author [41]. The Drake equation which estimates the probability for extraterrestrial civilizations being on the same technological level as we is discussed and approvements are suggested.

• Active search: this comprises in situ measurements. Several objects, like Venus, Mars, Titan and some asteroids in the Solar System have been visited by landers. One of the main aims of these landers was the to search for any biologic activity by measuring the surface conditions on these objects. Some space missions conducted to explore the Solar System carry messages about our civilization. Of course the chance of finding an extraterrestrial civilization through these space vehicles is extremely low.

• Passive search: this comprises all methods to detect (i) planets, (ii) speculate about satellites of these planets, (iii) find spectroscopic signatures of biologic activity (biomarkers) such as oxygen, ozone, methane and other compounds in a planetary atmosphere.

Examples of radio messages sent to different objects are given. No answer has been received so far.

The main message of this chapter is that from several arguments we can conclude that our civilization might not be the only one in the Galaxy and that we should belong to the older generation of civilizations at least in the Galaxy.


Keywords: Extraterrestrial life; biomarkers; Drake Equation; Moon; Mars; Venus; Europa; Titan; Mars: rovers; SETI; interstellar communication; radio messages

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773998 and j.to_date >= 1740773998 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4830) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773998 and j.to_date >= 1740773998 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4830) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59765840 and j.to_ip >=59765840 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740773998 and j.to_date >= 1740773998 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4830)
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1190 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740773998 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740773998 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.9msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1190
      • 3: 1740773998
      • 4: 1740773998
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='f24fbe9d9349604c456fd2980bf8f829'
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        I6DmqRL2HHGiETMxsF2i3wwb7QnnrQGWZuzf8Nf8
        uc_cart_id
        f24fbe9d9349604c456fd2980bf8f829
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4830" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/4830
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IktVSzhRYWxEMHpvMjVxeGFiK2haalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ01XNEZBaGtyMW9Ic3lxRlVUby9Eb0YyRjUzUkpFbWtXTzJNTkdQNGZkQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI0YzMwNzEwMDBkYjAwMDk1YTlkN2Q5N2RjZGQyYzliNzVmZWFiNjdmYjNmMjgwODBmZDBkNGM2YzU1ODU3Yzg3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IktVSzhRYWxEMHpvMjVxeGFiK2haalE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ01XNEZBaGtyMW9Ic3lxRlVUby9Eb0YyRjUzUkpFbWtXTzJNTkdQNGZkQT0iLCJtYWMiOiI0YzMwNzEwMDBkYjAw" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:19:58 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InN6TUhIZk05S2c3RVN0ZldYenVEaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOEdKTy92QmliUFhDSHpYWGRQMWRCTmpaUi9tZElHOGtaaE5EK3Vaa3ZheEszUkxEUmdHdjVEcHB4MlJ4bzNmUW80Q0x5TVQ4N3RMRXBycW9WOGJDbnd3UXg2azViTHZKeXdZU3h0c2Q2aW5NVytjVTJqd0wxWlBtNm1PdHo3OGciLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTVkZDZiMGUyYzE5NDg3MTllNDIzZjU0YTA0NmJhOWEyZTcyMTgyMzJhYWY4MzliMGM1MWIyYzI5YTY3ZTQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:19:58 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InN6TUhIZk05S2c3RVN0ZldYenVEaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOEdKTy92QmliUFhDSHpYWGRQMWRCTmpaUi9tZElHOGtaaE5EK3Vaa3ZheEszUkxEUmdHdjVEcHB4MlJ4bzNmUW80Q0x5T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZhd3BSaFdINk5xWTdoR2N6Q1VLamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid09hZVpESFNOQUFmQUtJT3VVT2xTamcvY0FxWWYzQ3NqRUUwMGRIWGZjczR5ZTBLSEdCa0ZQVk9ZaGhFYnEwMkRMbkVKQ2dVcXZ4TS9idWpwNTJRVW9sSlBPTy9NWXBERkNDUlR1ZkN4M0c2Nk05c2VZWHlZeXlmVzZqcVdxR1EiLCJtYWMiOiIwMjkzZmQ4Yjg4ZmU0MDFiZmU0ZDdlYmRiYTZiMjAyMzZkNGVjNDIzNmQ3YTdlMTllNWU3ZDdlZjU5MDhmYmI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZhd3BSaFdINk5xWTdoR2N6Q1VLamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid09hZVpESFNOQUFmQUtJT3VVT2xTamcvY0FxWWYzQ3NqRUUwMGRIWGZjczR5ZTBLSEdCa0ZQVk9" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InN6TUhIZk05S2c3RVN0ZldYenVEaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOEdKTy92QmliUFhDSHpYWGRQMWRCTmpaUi9tZElHOGtaaE5EK3Vaa3ZheEszUkxEUmdHdjVEcHB4MlJ4bzNmUW80Q0x5TVQ4N3RMRXBycW9WOGJDbnd3UXg2azViTHZKeXdZU3h0c2Q2aW5NVytjVTJqd0wxWlBtNm1PdHo3OGciLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTVkZDZiMGUyYzE5NDg3MTllNDIzZjU0YTA0NmJhOWEyZTcyMTgyMzJhYWY4MzliMGM1MWIyYzI5YTY3ZTQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:19:58 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InN6TUhIZk05S2c3RVN0ZldYenVEaXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOEdKTy92QmliUFhDSHpYWGRQMWRCTmpaUi9tZElHOGtaaE5EK3Vaa3ZheEszUkxEUmdHdjVEcHB4MlJ4bzNmUW80Q0x5T" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZhd3BSaFdINk5xWTdoR2N6Q1VLamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid09hZVpESFNOQUFmQUtJT3VVT2xTamcvY0FxWWYzQ3NqRUUwMGRIWGZjczR5ZTBLSEdCa0ZQVk9ZaGhFYnEwMkRMbkVKQ2dVcXZ4TS9idWpwNTJRVW9sSlBPTy9NWXBERkNDUlR1ZkN4M0c2Nk05c2VZWHlZeXlmVzZqcVdxR1EiLCJtYWMiOiIwMjkzZmQ4Yjg4ZmU0MDFiZmU0ZDdlYmRiYTZiMjAyMzZkNGVjNDIzNmQ3YTdlMTllNWU3ZDdlZjU5MDhmYmI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZhd3BSaFdINk5xWTdoR2N6Q1VLamc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid09hZVpESFNOQUFmQUtJT3VVT2xTamcvY0FxWWYzQ3NqRUUwMGRIWGZjczR5ZTBLSEdCa0ZQVk9" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "I6DmqRL2HHGiETMxsF2i3wwb7QnnrQGWZuzf8Nf8" "uc_cart_id" => "f24fbe9d9349604c456fd2980bf8f829" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4830" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:19:58GET/chapter/4830112193