Body Contouring Following Bariatric Surgery And Massive Weight Loss: Post-Bariatric Body Contouring

Overweight and Obesity: A True Global Epidemic

Author(s): Bishara S. Atiyeh and Karim A. Sarhane

Pp: 3-11 (9)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805238711201010003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions, with more than 1 billion adults overweight globally. Childhood obesity is already epidemic in some areas and on a rise in others. An estimated 22 million children under age five are considered to be overweight worldwide. The rising obesity epidemic reflects profound changes in society and in the behavioral patterns of communities over the recent decades. There is a variety of factors that play a role in obesity which makes it a complex health issue to address; nevertheless, overweight and obesity are primarily diet-induced. The principal causes of the epidemic are first a sustained excess in ingestion of energy-dense foods and second an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Although obesity should be considered an avoidable chronic disease in its own right, it is also one of the most substantial key risk factors for other chronic diseases. The morbidities associated with obesity reduce a patient's quality of life and contribute to escalating medical costs.


Keywords: Obesity, overweight, body mass index.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59397798 and j.to_ip >=59397798 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740456860 and j.to_date >= 1740456860 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 445) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59397798 and j.to_ip >=59397798 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740456860 and j.to_date >= 1740456860 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 445) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59397798 and j.to_ip >=59397798 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740456860 and j.to_date >= 1740456860 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 445)
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 822 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740456860 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740456860 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 822
      • 3: 1740456860
      • 4: 1740456860
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='6050db14ca48ff825b2d5391c2d32716'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        4bKooyxVGirGfTih0v7DbkQ4AwfSGtPaJC34X7QD
        uc_cart_id
        6050db14ca48ff825b2d5391c2d32716
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/445" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/445
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkhPVFdXcVhEVXl4UEp2ajVHdU9ZUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWE44WDZ5WU9PUzg5ck91ZzRNckZzNFFZVEtxM3RCYUxKMjhEcWRwNlVxOD0iLCJtYWMiOiI3ZjQ0Yjc4MzczODNmNWVlMTU1MzIxYjNiNWQyMzI5MTdhNzdmZjBhMmQyOGVmMzc5OGU5ZWNjZjE2NDE3YTUzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkhPVFdXcVhEVXl4UEp2ajVHdU9ZUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWE44WDZ5WU9PUzg5ck91ZzRNckZzNFFZVEtxM3RCYUxKMjhEcWRwNlVxOD0iLCJtYWMiOiI3ZjQ0Yjc4MzczODNm" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 04:14:20 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFtWFhid1RkK3k5cklmUG91UXJmTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM1Q1K1h1VHVCMW4weGZ1ZXAvU2RvZWJueklqT1pQNWcxMmxqUTdsWFB4d2FSVkJ0ZWx0dnVvRWVjdllNTzFLWUpLTHRtNXZOazMrcnZHV2FRS2NUQjdtUkk5TnpEeDFNZ1pWanhkN3FranFsbHBaZnhGdWJPMmRTNHQ1eElpVUoiLCJtYWMiOiJiMzc0OTgzODg0NzE1MWFjMWQwNjZhNjU4YjQ4Mjk5MjA2YTg3Y2VkZDgyMWIzY2VmNWRlZWQ2YTFlZTg2MDhhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27 Feb 2025 16:14:20 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFtWFhid1RkK3k5cklmUG91UXJmTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM1Q1K1h1VHVCMW4weGZ1ZXAvU2RvZWJueklqT1pQNWcxMmxqUTdsWFB4d2FSVkJ0ZWx0dnVvRWVjdllNTzFLWUpLTHRtN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlFleTJTTmtCanhhaGloeloxRXU4Nmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQW5LNnpLVkZhQ3BZM0xITWo3a0k1Mm9NYVpHbGQrV1FOSDhXT3VmaFVOZnEwTnpFWkkyQW1BNHZJVGdwMzhMR1NoczhwVWNxYmttR1ZLV1o1UzZhZGs1cHEvbEpjMWJFalVucHAyRnpQK05aWSszMEdYV3FXSGV3cjk2cEUvaSsiLCJtYWMiOiI2NzZmMmRkNmEwMjhmMzI3NDI5ODk4OGU2NWNiMWI5NGJhNjFkNmEyYjUwNTgzNTdlNmM0N2Y4NjY5ZDhiNWMwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlFleTJTTmtCanhhaGloeloxRXU4Nmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQW5LNnpLVkZhQ3BZM0xITWo3a0k1Mm9NYVpHbGQrV1FOSDhXT3VmaFVOZnEwTnpFWkkyQW1BNHZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFtWFhid1RkK3k5cklmUG91UXJmTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM1Q1K1h1VHVCMW4weGZ1ZXAvU2RvZWJueklqT1pQNWcxMmxqUTdsWFB4d2FSVkJ0ZWx0dnVvRWVjdllNTzFLWUpLTHRtNXZOazMrcnZHV2FRS2NUQjdtUkk5TnpEeDFNZ1pWanhkN3FranFsbHBaZnhGdWJPMmRTNHQ1eElpVUoiLCJtYWMiOiJiMzc0OTgzODg0NzE1MWFjMWQwNjZhNjU4YjQ4Mjk5MjA2YTg3Y2VkZDgyMWIzY2VmNWRlZWQ2YTFlZTg2MDhhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 27-Feb-2025 16:14:20 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFtWFhid1RkK3k5cklmUG91UXJmTlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM1Q1K1h1VHVCMW4weGZ1ZXAvU2RvZWJueklqT1pQNWcxMmxqUTdsWFB4d2FSVkJ0ZWx0dnVvRWVjdllNTzFLWUpLTHRtN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlFleTJTTmtCanhhaGloeloxRXU4Nmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQW5LNnpLVkZhQ3BZM0xITWo3a0k1Mm9NYVpHbGQrV1FOSDhXT3VmaFVOZnEwTnpFWkkyQW1BNHZJVGdwMzhMR1NoczhwVWNxYmttR1ZLV1o1UzZhZGs1cHEvbEpjMWJFalVucHAyRnpQK05aWSszMEdYV3FXSGV3cjk2cEUvaSsiLCJtYWMiOiI2NzZmMmRkNmEwMjhmMzI3NDI5ODk4OGU2NWNiMWI5NGJhNjFkNmEyYjUwNTgzNTdlNmM0N2Y4NjY5ZDhiNWMwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlFleTJTTmtCanhhaGloeloxRXU4Nmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQW5LNnpLVkZhQ3BZM0xITWo3a0k1Mm9NYVpHbGQrV1FOSDhXT3VmaFVOZnEwTnpFWkkyQW1BNHZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "4bKooyxVGirGfTih0v7DbkQ4AwfSGtPaJC34X7QD" "uc_cart_id" => "6050db14ca48ff825b2d5391c2d32716" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/445" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 04:14:20GET/chapter/445112195