Epigenetics of Lifestyle

Epigenetics of Memory: Evidence and Models

Author(s): Bechara J. Saab and Isabelle M. Mansuy

Pp: 36-69 (34)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805299811201010036

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

There is strong evidence that the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, by way of covalent modifications of DNA and DNA-associated proteins, and through microRNAs, is an essential process underlying neuronal plasticity and memory. This chapter brings the non-specialist reader up to speed on important concepts within memory research, focusing on the role of the hippocampus, the molecular regulation of synaptic strength, and the behavioral tools used to examine learning and memory in experimental animals. Next, we describe the close association that is observed between defective epigentic processes and impaired memory in several cognitive diseases. The bulk of the chapter is then devoted to describing three broad classes of technical approaches that have been used to better understand how DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification, and microRNAs might contribute to memory. We end the chapter with a discussion on the potential relevance of epigenetic processes in sustaining memory traces in the brain over very long periods of time.


Keywords: Epigenetics, memory, plasticity, hippocampus, DNA methylation, histone code, microRNA.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59808528 and j.to_ip >=59808528 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515982 and j.to_date >= 1740515982 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4353) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59808528 and j.to_ip >=59808528 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515982 and j.to_date >= 1740515982 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4353) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59808528 and j.to_ip >=59808528 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740515982 and j.to_date >= 1740515982 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 4353)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1105 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740515982 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740515982 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1105
      • 3: 1740515982
      • 4: 1740515982
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='e873e31275865a758bf098c59dd2ef64'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    7Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fj6yfZfXjYybPxFkvAHBlJFGHjO5rIXjF5hzvRgL
        uc_cart_id
        e873e31275865a758bf098c59dd2ef64
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4353" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/4353
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlhMeHZQendCMGhtR3ZDQkNaVTdub2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjh4em9ZbjhDdWQzOW5Xa2txQk5qd2dnaEVuMGVJa0VLcG5QUGF5M0xzbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIzMzljMTVmZTRiODRhN2NlNmQwYjU2YzQ4ODQ0NTBlYTc4N2M2MWViNTdiOTBiNTE5MDdiN2UwMDBhOWYwODI4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlhMeHZQendCMGhtR3ZDQkNaVTdub2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjh4em9ZbjhDdWQzOW5Xa2txQk5qd2dnaEVuMGVJa0VLcG5QUGF5M0xzbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIzMzljMTVmZTRiODRh" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:39:42 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImoxMVljcUtvUmhnOUVBUlV0cmwwV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickw1eWFRVUppWFBKUHhYTUZ1RHgwd1JTdkFIdkdBZ2lEUFZxblNYNnczeU5MbWRvc0VleGN2QzNkWXpNc1NmT2dYbkZPUElBVU1kUW1LNHNRbmJHamoxcGdTeWZhY29BOENCUkxaOEJFT1NSNXhEOWpPMGpOTldjN0t0dUpKMXUiLCJtYWMiOiI3NzFjZTBkM2U4YjE5NmFmNDcwNGMzMzAwYWQ0NWFlNTA4YTgyNGU0OWFiMzFjZGYyMzI2NTVlOTBkMzA2MjYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:39:42 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImoxMVljcUtvUmhnOUVBUlV0cmwwV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickw1eWFRVUppWFBKUHhYTUZ1RHgwd1JTdkFIdkdBZ2lEUFZxblNYNnczeU5MbWRvc0VleGN2QzNkWXpNc1NmT2dYbkZPU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImpielJXWlB5Z3MrcmNMejdlZjI1R2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXRPNEk0OGR2NGE1Z3hHL2FTWjhkdmRnZnZjdXVGYmtZMUJjQy8xNGYyTDdPWlovanhiOU9UR0x1OE9lK0dsVnZWdWxjM1dLN0NHdlJEaXpUYXJkQ24vaEVhbEdDOFJKNFg2REhPczR1dVJBclRRTTZEeVV6RDB0L2xmZU9veGoiLCJtYWMiOiI4YmIxYzhjMTNjZTk4YzA0MTA4NjMyZjkxZjZiYWMyZjNmNjY2MDExYzMwNWE3NjI5NGFjY2VkMDFkMTZhMzhjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImpielJXWlB5Z3MrcmNMejdlZjI1R2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXRPNEk0OGR2NGE1Z3hHL2FTWjhkdmRnZnZjdXVGYmtZMUJjQy8xNGYyTDdPWlovanhiOU9UR0x" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImoxMVljcUtvUmhnOUVBUlV0cmwwV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickw1eWFRVUppWFBKUHhYTUZ1RHgwd1JTdkFIdkdBZ2lEUFZxblNYNnczeU5MbWRvc0VleGN2QzNkWXpNc1NmT2dYbkZPUElBVU1kUW1LNHNRbmJHamoxcGdTeWZhY29BOENCUkxaOEJFT1NSNXhEOWpPMGpOTldjN0t0dUpKMXUiLCJtYWMiOiI3NzFjZTBkM2U4YjE5NmFmNDcwNGMzMzAwYWQ0NWFlNTA4YTgyNGU0OWFiMzFjZGYyMzI2NTVlOTBkMzA2MjYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:39:42 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImoxMVljcUtvUmhnOUVBUlV0cmwwV0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoickw1eWFRVUppWFBKUHhYTUZ1RHgwd1JTdkFIdkdBZ2lEUFZxblNYNnczeU5MbWRvc0VleGN2QzNkWXpNc1NmT2dYbkZPU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImpielJXWlB5Z3MrcmNMejdlZjI1R2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXRPNEk0OGR2NGE1Z3hHL2FTWjhkdmRnZnZjdXVGYmtZMUJjQy8xNGYyTDdPWlovanhiOU9UR0x1OE9lK0dsVnZWdWxjM1dLN0NHdlJEaXpUYXJkQ24vaEVhbEdDOFJKNFg2REhPczR1dVJBclRRTTZEeVV6RDB0L2xmZU9veGoiLCJtYWMiOiI4YmIxYzhjMTNjZTk4YzA0MTA4NjMyZjkxZjZiYWMyZjNmNjY2MDExYzMwNWE3NjI5NGFjY2VkMDFkMTZhMzhjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImpielJXWlB5Z3MrcmNMejdlZjI1R2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXRPNEk0OGR2NGE1Z3hHL2FTWjhkdmRnZnZjdXVGYmtZMUJjQy8xNGYyTDdPWlovanhiOU9UR0x" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fj6yfZfXjYybPxFkvAHBlJFGHjO5rIXjF5hzvRgL" "uc_cart_id" => "e873e31275865a758bf098c59dd2ef64" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/4353" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:39:42GET/chapter/4353112199