MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease

miRNAs in Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis

Author(s): Zhiguo Wang

Pp: 102-110 (9)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805184711001010102

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter aims to discuss the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by miRNAs. Apoptosis is an active process that leads to cell death. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis is a complex endogenous gene-controlled event that requires an exogenous signal–stimulated or inhibited by a variety of regulatory factors, such as formation of oxygen free radicals, ischemia, hypoxia, reduced intracellular K+ concentration, and generation of nitric oxide. Apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of human disease including heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, etc. To date, no less than 30 individual miRNAs are known to regulate apoptosis. The number in the list is expected to expand quickly with more studies. A number of miRNAs including miR-1, miR-29, and miR-320 are considered proapoptotic miRNAs. The miRNAs identified to date possessing antiapoptotic action include miR- 133, miR-21 and miR-199a. In addition, miR-21 has also been shown to produce proproliferative and antiapoptotic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. This chapter provides detailed description of these individual miRNAs for their role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347126 and j.to_date >= 1740347126 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3234) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347126 and j.to_date >= 1740347126 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3234) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347126 and j.to_date >= 1740347126 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3234)
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1014 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740347126 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740347126 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1014
      • 3: 1740347126
      • 4: 1740347126
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8e74da95df3a2d3bccc12d949aee05ed'
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        LplqRJCggeqKZp3xHJiwuIhryjSsFam9UcBT0fRQ
        uc_cart_id
        8e74da95df3a2d3bccc12d949aee05ed
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3234" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3234
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 21:45:26 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IloyNG9FSkNONTRqektZbTZQVUxMT2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDVHNS9WZ0JQd3h0RW41MldqSGdrdEwrd2lHUlVQUjZVUkljTFc2cnVRUDB1OTIxMDEvaDdYc3FXZDQvcWpJbm9hR2xHN29Ucit4THpaWnhub3cvQ0hrcnRXWHUvVlJJakNkci9STHo5Vm9sZFY3Y29ROUE2VktENHIzUFJKdmQiLCJtYWMiOiJmYjliMTViNTk2NDY2MmVkOTc0ZDI3ZjU5OGE2ZjFiYjlhOGRjYjI1Yzc2OWExNmVlMTBlM2UzNjhhZDRlMjA1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:45:26 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IloyNG9FSkNONTRqektZbTZQVUxMT2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDVHNS9WZ0JQd3h0RW41MldqSGdrdEwrd2lHUlVQUjZVUkljTFc2cnVRUDB1OTIxMDEvaDdYc3FXZDQvcWpJbm9hR2xHN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBwSi9WS2svUjF2d0pBN256NVR1WlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTFpUR2M5ME00R1dzS3J3T2ozYnJ5ak95bEhGSVFFU0FRb2JqWjlJTDVVQVR1SGdaQnFJOXFMNUpwRFpJV2Z0RzhIaHBianJFb1FtZnhUaXlKOFVTTDZ4RG5kTnVvUmp0WHllVEk5UUI0OEhoeEdoUzM5V0VweGRNaWJpL1U3Rm8iLCJtYWMiOiI5ZWNjZDI2MGE1ZjE1MDNhOTBkODgzZmFjMDNlODc3ZjYzY2Y3NmZmNzQxYjcwNjliZDE0MDhiOGZkMDNhMjg3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBwSi9WS2svUjF2d0pBN256NVR1WlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTFpUR2M5ME00R1dzS3J3T2ozYnJ5ak95bEhGSVFFU0FRb2JqWjlJTDVVQVR1SGdaQnFJOXFMNUp" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IloyNG9FSkNONTRqektZbTZQVUxMT2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDVHNS9WZ0JQd3h0RW41MldqSGdrdEwrd2lHUlVQUjZVUkljTFc2cnVRUDB1OTIxMDEvaDdYc3FXZDQvcWpJbm9hR2xHN29Ucit4THpaWnhub3cvQ0hrcnRXWHUvVlJJakNkci9STHo5Vm9sZFY3Y29ROUE2VktENHIzUFJKdmQiLCJtYWMiOiJmYjliMTViNTk2NDY2MmVkOTc0ZDI3ZjU5OGE2ZjFiYjlhOGRjYjI1Yzc2OWExNmVlMTBlM2UzNjhhZDRlMjA1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 09:45:26 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IloyNG9FSkNONTRqektZbTZQVUxMT2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVDVHNS9WZ0JQd3h0RW41MldqSGdrdEwrd2lHUlVQUjZVUkljTFc2cnVRUDB1OTIxMDEvaDdYc3FXZDQvcWpJbm9hR2xHN" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBwSi9WS2svUjF2d0pBN256NVR1WlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTFpUR2M5ME00R1dzS3J3T2ozYnJ5ak95bEhGSVFFU0FRb2JqWjlJTDVVQVR1SGdaQnFJOXFMNUpwRFpJV2Z0RzhIaHBianJFb1FtZnhUaXlKOFVTTDZ4RG5kTnVvUmp0WHllVEk5UUI0OEhoeEdoUzM5V0VweGRNaWJpL1U3Rm8iLCJtYWMiOiI5ZWNjZDI2MGE1ZjE1MDNhOTBkODgzZmFjMDNlODc3ZjYzY2Y3NmZmNzQxYjcwNjliZDE0MDhiOGZkMDNhMjg3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjBwSi9WS2svUjF2d0pBN256NVR1WlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTFpUR2M5ME00R1dzS3J3T2ozYnJ5ak95bEhGSVFFU0FRb2JqWjlJTDVVQVR1SGdaQnFJOXFMNUp" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "LplqRJCggeqKZp3xHJiwuIhryjSsFam9UcBT0fRQ" "uc_cart_id" => "8e74da95df3a2d3bccc12d949aee05ed" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3234" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 21:45:26GET/chapter/3234112193