MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease

miRNAs in Inflammatory Macrophages

Author(s): Zhiguo Wang

Pp: 87-89 (3)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805184711001010087

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Several processes including endothelial angiogenesis, vascular neointimal lesion formation, vascular inflammation process, lipoprotein metabolism, and hypertension are critically involved in atherosclerosis. This chapter aims to introduce the role of miRNAs in vascular inflammation process. Atherosclerosis is now widely accepted to be an inflammatory disease, characterized by degenerative as well as proliferative changes and extracellular accumulation of lipid and cholesterol, in which an ongoing inflammatory reaction plays an important role in both initiation and progression/destabilization, converting a chronic process into an acute disorder. In early atheromotous plaques, inflammatory macrophages strive to alleviate the subendothelial accumulation of modified lipoproteins carrying cholesterol esters. Consequently, the further recruitment and migration of cells induce chronic inflammation. To date, only a few miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the vascular inflammation process. These include miR-126 in regulating adhesion molecules, and miR-155 and miR-125a in regulating inflammatory cytokine.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347125 and j.to_date >= 1740347125 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3230) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347125 and j.to_date >= 1740347125 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3230) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314555251 and j.to_ip >=314555251 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740347125 and j.to_date >= 1740347125 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3230)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1014 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740347125 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740347125 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.14msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1014
      • 3: 1740347125
      • 4: 1740347125
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='acde26973663eb2759a6638526fd4348'
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Cgi7ltOIDx1VKYfkcmVl8UWy0q4dscmCQCe6SN9c
        uc_cart_id
        acde26973663eb2759a6638526fd4348
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3230" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3230
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 21:45:25 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpFVVNsZnd0L0RZRGZUNUltNlplTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlHK1BhQW53MEtGNXc0YVVlaythY0JkZkJXY0g3QjhDRS83cWlsUURuSTdQbWN2Y0VkMFdxZnkzUWZJMnBkT0RmY2dodStkRGJxcWNrbDhVb3h0LzVKTUdmUDJPNFRFQ2xHellmK2NIQ0QwSHdIeHFTcXFpc1hwMWhKMUdIMngiLCJtYWMiOiJkMzE1MjY5NGZlZWNhYzhlNWI1OTc0ZjQwODE2NzM1N2I1MjYwNjIxNjgzZjg4YTIyMzc2OGQ0NDRhNTA0ZDNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:45:25 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpFVVNsZnd0L0RZRGZUNUltNlplTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlHK1BhQW53MEtGNXc0YVVlaythY0JkZkJXY0g3QjhDRS83cWlsUURuSTdQbWN2Y0VkMFdxZnkzUWZJMnBkT0RmY2dod" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRwQ0R4QzFpTjVGVmc1YlF5S0M2SHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT3RBZ1RGSGVOUmxXTGowRmZtKzJLTUlDNXZ0eFUydm1aWFpXZnNLaHJvZW01bkE2Z1dZcUw2OEZFZXdsUXo5bEhENWxzUnQwVDFBR2FlRTJVa2lVYnFud3VXNE8xL3hFOXBaZEFHQWlEeGNDaFA3SE5aVER4Y1lVVytHYkJXR0QiLCJtYWMiOiI1OTJhN2RkMDQ1M2ZkYmVlZmViOTQ3YjBmOGNiZmJkY2IzNmY1NjcxODIzZWFmYjM5ZTdkMDgyYzUyMGU5YzIxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRwQ0R4QzFpTjVGVmc1YlF5S0M2SHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT3RBZ1RGSGVOUmxXTGowRmZtKzJLTUlDNXZ0eFUydm1aWFpXZnNLaHJvZW01bkE2Z1dZcUw2OEZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpFVVNsZnd0L0RZRGZUNUltNlplTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlHK1BhQW53MEtGNXc0YVVlaythY0JkZkJXY0g3QjhDRS83cWlsUURuSTdQbWN2Y0VkMFdxZnkzUWZJMnBkT0RmY2dodStkRGJxcWNrbDhVb3h0LzVKTUdmUDJPNFRFQ2xHellmK2NIQ0QwSHdIeHFTcXFpc1hwMWhKMUdIMngiLCJtYWMiOiJkMzE1MjY5NGZlZWNhYzhlNWI1OTc0ZjQwODE2NzM1N2I1MjYwNjIxNjgzZjg4YTIyMzc2OGQ0NDRhNTA0ZDNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 09:45:25 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkpFVVNsZnd0L0RZRGZUNUltNlplTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZFlHK1BhQW53MEtGNXc0YVVlaythY0JkZkJXY0g3QjhDRS83cWlsUURuSTdQbWN2Y0VkMFdxZnkzUWZJMnBkT0RmY2dod" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRwQ0R4QzFpTjVGVmc1YlF5S0M2SHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT3RBZ1RGSGVOUmxXTGowRmZtKzJLTUlDNXZ0eFUydm1aWFpXZnNLaHJvZW01bkE2Z1dZcUw2OEZFZXdsUXo5bEhENWxzUnQwVDFBR2FlRTJVa2lVYnFud3VXNE8xL3hFOXBaZEFHQWlEeGNDaFA3SE5aVER4Y1lVVytHYkJXR0QiLCJtYWMiOiI1OTJhN2RkMDQ1M2ZkYmVlZmViOTQ3YjBmOGNiZmJkY2IzNmY1NjcxODIzZWFmYjM5ZTdkMDgyYzUyMGU5YzIxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkRwQ0R4QzFpTjVGVmc1YlF5S0M2SHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT3RBZ1RGSGVOUmxXTGowRmZtKzJLTUlDNXZ0eFUydm1aWFpXZnNLaHJvZW01bkE2Z1dZcUw2OEZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Cgi7ltOIDx1VKYfkcmVl8UWy0q4dscmCQCe6SN9c" "uc_cart_id" => "acde26973663eb2759a6638526fd4348" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3230" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 21:45:25GET/chapter/3230112193