MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease

miRNAs in Cardiac Development

Author(s): Zhiguo Wang

Pp: 27-37 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805184711001010027

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter aims to summarize the available data on regulation of cardiac development and stem cell differentiation by miRNAs. Heart malformations occur in as high as 1% of newborns, presenting a significant clinical problem in our modern world. The first functional organ in the embryo is the heart and cardiovascular system and the heart is susceptible to congenital defects more than any other organ. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine the development of the cardiovascular system. miRNA was initially described as being fundamental for developmental biology first in nematode worms and then in phylogenically more advanced organisms. Many defects of the miRNA machinery are incompatible with correct and/or continued development. On the other hand, pluripotency and cellular differentiation are intricate biological processes that are coordinately regulated by a complex set of factors and epigenetic regulators. As in other tissues, a distinct set of miRNAs is specifically expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. This chapter describes the involvement of miRNAs in normal cardiac development, in congenital heart disease and Down syndrome, and in determining stem cell fate. In particular, the roles of miR-1, miR-133, miR-130a and miR-138 in cardiac development are described as these miRNAs have been experimentally studied in detail.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59857113 and j.to_ip >=59857113 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740345522 and j.to_date >= 1740345522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3224) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59857113 and j.to_ip >=59857113 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740345522 and j.to_date >= 1740345522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3224) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59857113 and j.to_ip >=59857113 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740345522 and j.to_date >= 1740345522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3224)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1014 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740345522 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740345522 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1014
      • 3: 1740345522
      • 4: 1740345522
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='d461f1236cb54b870353be95b079b2e9'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        zMSNQSUWTaer7qlQTlqfJgLecK5Zl4hW1yaWbKde
        uc_cart_id
        d461f1236cb54b870353be95b079b2e9
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3224" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3224
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlZ0ZmVTSmVsbjE5dEQ2NVdaWFhkNWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXRaV0cyQkNVcUt2SmhhRVd0VEF3ZUJ6OG4xVHU2dnF2cnRRbjZINGhQcz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMjAzNTJhZDkwYjVjNzUzZjRjYWY3MDZjMGJlM2IxNDBmMTQzMDVmNjAyNjlmZmJhZDRhMTdmOWIyYzcwNjU0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlZ0ZmVTSmVsbjE5dEQ2NVdaWFhkNWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSXRaV0cyQkNVcUt2SmhhRVd0VEF3ZUJ6OG4xVHU2dnF2cnRRbjZINGhQcz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMjAzNTJhZDkwYjVj" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sun, 23 Feb 2025 21:18:42 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndxUWxyMlZqcEtHM2M0MFdpZkovL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQU15eHBWOExwbDFIUngwb050VXVhMk5LWU1rL1c0VEtvVDhVSlo3c2wxSTlWMG9YUm9ZREJJWWtGVkZGMWtTS2h0ZzdZS0IySHllSFluWUpKVU96RGdRSVRkR1U1SEQ2QnpzeThyRXZqeGxnRzVHTGQ0Nm9yYW05eFJ4eGJBZE4iLCJtYWMiOiI3NjIzODFhOWEyODU3NTc2YzEwY2Q0YzZlMzI0Mzg1ZTRiYWRjZDZjYjEzZmFiOGJjNWM1MzAxYWQxOWQ3MDJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26 Feb 2025 09:18:42 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndxUWxyMlZqcEtHM2M0MFdpZkovL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQU15eHBWOExwbDFIUngwb050VXVhMk5LWU1rL1c0VEtvVDhVSlo3c2wxSTlWMG9YUm9ZREJJWWtGVkZGMWtTS2h0ZzdZS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imk4MTBKUEFyQkdmcnJRdkhZUmoyclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHFlNDlrYzdIOHdQeHR0SmgxTjg5dHpSb0o3c2Y2YWY4RXRpL0tsRXF0WE5haTZLMFBITFZSUWprMVlQYlRBYk03REwzSnJGRkFyalMvcWQvNC9BcXJhR2cyaTZTZE1KVmpzT1ZQT0FmbFBGMlV4WVc4NmlKeWNVNDh3d1VjMWsiLCJtYWMiOiI5YzQ2MzUwNTNjYWVmOGI3MTQzZGE4NTY2YmNkNmJjMmZhNjcxYzI2NmExN2M2NjMxZDhlNTYzN2M5OGNkYjA2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imk4MTBKUEFyQkdmcnJRdkhZUmoyclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHFlNDlrYzdIOHdQeHR0SmgxTjg5dHpSb0o3c2Y2YWY4RXRpL0tsRXF0WE5haTZLMFBITFZSUWp" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndxUWxyMlZqcEtHM2M0MFdpZkovL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQU15eHBWOExwbDFIUngwb050VXVhMk5LWU1rL1c0VEtvVDhVSlo3c2wxSTlWMG9YUm9ZREJJWWtGVkZGMWtTS2h0ZzdZS0IySHllSFluWUpKVU96RGdRSVRkR1U1SEQ2QnpzeThyRXZqeGxnRzVHTGQ0Nm9yYW05eFJ4eGJBZE4iLCJtYWMiOiI3NjIzODFhOWEyODU3NTc2YzEwY2Q0YzZlMzI0Mzg1ZTRiYWRjZDZjYjEzZmFiOGJjNWM1MzAxYWQxOWQ3MDJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 26-Feb-2025 09:18:42 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndxUWxyMlZqcEtHM2M0MFdpZkovL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQU15eHBWOExwbDFIUngwb050VXVhMk5LWU1rL1c0VEtvVDhVSlo3c2wxSTlWMG9YUm9ZREJJWWtGVkZGMWtTS2h0ZzdZS" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imk4MTBKUEFyQkdmcnJRdkhZUmoyclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHFlNDlrYzdIOHdQeHR0SmgxTjg5dHpSb0o3c2Y2YWY4RXRpL0tsRXF0WE5haTZLMFBITFZSUWprMVlQYlRBYk03REwzSnJGRkFyalMvcWQvNC9BcXJhR2cyaTZTZE1KVmpzT1ZQT0FmbFBGMlV4WVc4NmlKeWNVNDh3d1VjMWsiLCJtYWMiOiI5YzQ2MzUwNTNjYWVmOGI3MTQzZGE4NTY2YmNkNmJjMmZhNjcxYzI2NmExN2M2NjMxZDhlNTYzN2M5OGNkYjA2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Imk4MTBKUEFyQkdmcnJRdkhZUmoyclE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHFlNDlrYzdIOHdQeHR0SmgxTjg5dHpSb0o3c2Y2YWY4RXRpL0tsRXF0WE5haTZLMFBITFZSUWp" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "zMSNQSUWTaer7qlQTlqfJgLecK5Zl4hW1yaWbKde" "uc_cart_id" => "d461f1236cb54b870353be95b079b2e9" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3224" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-23 21:18:42GET/chapter/3224112193