Biology and Chemistry of Beta Glucan Vol: 1 Beta Glucans - Mechanisms of Action

Detrimental Effects of β (1-3),(1-6)-D-Glucans

Author(s): Naohito Ohno

Pp: 68-81 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805210311101010068

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Beta-glucans (BG) are major cell wall components of fungi and are also found in plants and some bacteria. BG are a heterogeneous group of polymers, consisting of β(1-3) linked and β(1-6) linked β-Dglucopyranosyl units. As they are not found in animals, BG are considered to have pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are recognized by the innate and acquired immune systems. BG show various activities, both beneficial and detrimental to the host. This chapter focuses on the detrimental effects of BG. It was found that BG induced inflammation, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis. BG also have the characteristics of an antigen, strongly supporting BG as representative PAMPs from fungi.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version183msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:20:33] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (95.05ms)time
  • Application (87.75ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (51.99%)
    95.05ms
    1 x Application (48%)
    87.75ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed32.22ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51592399','',1,1739834433,1739834433) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834433
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51592399','/chapter/3217',1,1739834433,1739834433)
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51592399 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51592399) limit 1
      19.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51592399
      • 1: 51592399
      • 2: 51592399
      • 3: 51592399
      • 4: 51592399
      • 5: 51592399
      • 6: 51592399
      • 7: 51592399
      • 8: 51592399
      • 9: 51592399
      • 10: 51592399
      • 11: 51592399
      • 12: 51592399
      • 13: 51592399
      • 14: 51592399
      • 15: 51592399
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '3217' limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 3217
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '3217' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      790μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 3217
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '3217'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 3217
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 208 limit 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 208
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=208) and se.ebook_id!=208 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.73msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=208) and se.ebook_id!=208 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=208)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=208) limit 10 offset 0
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1009 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1009
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 208 and ebook_volume_id <> 1009 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 208
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3217' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '1009' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1009) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1009) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1009)
      810μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3217) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3217) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51592399 and j.to_ip >=51592399 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834433 and j.to_date >= 1739834433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3217)
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1009 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834433 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834433 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1009
      • 3: 1739834433
      • 4: 1739834433
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='39185d93843a02e7e0406ebf4c0601a2'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        FLb8L368PyMsGmHi965K8S6dEQKbbCQjhHSvx18Z
        uc_cart_id
        39185d93843a02e7e0406ebf4c0601a2
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3217" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3217
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImlrVERza0tZbitqT1FHOVJReC81cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjFaanNudlp2bnhFanJnc2ZuT0d4Y05mYThra3JqL2FYZjUzZFB2L2NEM0ZMejVIUCtiaEw1ZjdVdElIM2FHa0grR29xUkxCNk1DQklBNFpPOVhlcUE9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjIxZmM0ZTY2MGM1YzJhODg4ZmEyN2IxZWE1OThjMGFmNTIzMjBkMGE2NDczYWE2ZDBkYjgyNjJjZDdhMDgxM2UiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJzM2hyUWEvTEhER0NBMi9MNk1DcEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT0s1QkJVZWh4bExVcnhydXd2aEtKMU1OaHRPNDd1T3lSanFaN0duVzlGSytZeWZFSlJvSzlSV0llRUFLQWMxaXNkNlg2R215WC9UMmV3V1l6MDF4Z200YUl2OUk3QzhLN0tBNFJrYmE4RzRTODVjcVpQVEM4OEpVa3dYOG4yZWYiLCJtYWMiOiIyNzMyMDcxMWIyZDJmZGI2MDM1OTAzODM2Zjk1NGU3YTA3YTZlMjJjMWRjYjFjNTIwODkzNDkxZThmOWUzYzJjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IktFYlhSYmhYNS9kbWExQk5EUGhTUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSDZmdlRBR3BwVUVOOTYza2lPajBoVXRkVlczZ1Q4QTNkRTlmRnN6a2hLNFNtdXlwcFdXMDdZYTY4QUN3UUw2RDByTDBiT2JPQUZyU1lqVkJUN01SZEo4UDhFTktaaHRmR3hxRWs5WXFWSlZ4MXZaRTB0Z0V1a3dFZnkwY1JKbEYiLCJtYWMiOiI1N2NhYjNjOTZmNTQ4YTAxMTA4ZTM1ZmFiYWQ0ZDhmMGM0MDlhZjAzYTBlZGQ1MDBhMzBjNDczNWIwYWZhZTAzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImlrVERza0tZbitqT1FHOVJReC81cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWjFaanNudlp2bnhFanJnc2ZuT0d4Y05mYThra3JqL2FYZjUzZFB2L2NEM0ZMejVIUCtiaEw1ZjdVdElIM2FHa0gr" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "FLb8L368PyMsGmHi965K8S6dEQKbbCQjhHSvx18Z" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "g7RqbTzDRWnoTwHYZEq8bGhG6JoXzT6y6gpwvb1C" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:20:33 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5XMit3dmEwVXFoNTllQmI4aVpnaEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUQvWnBsL05HR3UwQk1icWNCUEYrVThGSHE2c3FSelNudE55eGdmNFVrZjBLaXZvNGxSVWNXL1AwbkpsdWEvc1F2ZW1FcWFLOElLY3VoNXcwNXNVTzZGblh1eDZkeWluN3hKYzJXdDVUWDFMTkhwNHN3TU4xcEorZG9FUzJib20iLCJtYWMiOiJmODc4ZDI3ZjBmMDhhMzFmNGY5M2NiZGU3YzdmMDdkZDVmNjlkOGRlOWY2MDkzOTNhODZiMTU4Nzg4YjFkNjgzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:20:33 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5XMit3dmEwVXFoNTllQmI4aVpnaEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUQvWnBsL05HR3UwQk1icWNCUEYrVThGSHE2c3FSelNudE55eGdmNFVrZjBLaXZvNGxSVWNXL1AwbkpsdWEvc1F2ZW1Fc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9OUmZlQXdUdUJjcmRxbGo3TnlxVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS2JYRVQrQmtIbGQ4N1lHQ3ZlUTdUYW9ITCtaVERYZGRId0JaUENZNEJhcU13VVExVjdyaTJiYlR2eUpjWGR5UEwwdVVIMm9GcCsrYVVNTTdKbDloNzM0WTZhQXoyVExFNE9TcUdXWnRzUFBVOHJFSW5lVE5Vem92NGFrQ21BdGUiLCJtYWMiOiJlMzgxNDNmYzg4YjkwZDg4MjMxZWIyNDQ4MWI3Njk5MjkxOWZjYTA2MDg2ZGFiNDkzYzU5NWQxZmZlYTIwNzA2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9OUmZlQXdUdUJjcmRxbGo3TnlxVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS2JYRVQrQmtIbGQ4N1lHQ3ZlUTdUYW9ITCtaVERYZGRId0JaUENZNEJhcU13VVExVjdyaTJiYlR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5XMit3dmEwVXFoNTllQmI4aVpnaEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUQvWnBsL05HR3UwQk1icWNCUEYrVThGSHE2c3FSelNudE55eGdmNFVrZjBLaXZvNGxSVWNXL1AwbkpsdWEvc1F2ZW1FcWFLOElLY3VoNXcwNXNVTzZGblh1eDZkeWluN3hKYzJXdDVUWDFMTkhwNHN3TU4xcEorZG9FUzJib20iLCJtYWMiOiJmODc4ZDI3ZjBmMDhhMzFmNGY5M2NiZGU3YzdmMDdkZDVmNjlkOGRlOWY2MDkzOTNhODZiMTU4Nzg4YjFkNjgzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:20:33 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5XMit3dmEwVXFoNTllQmI4aVpnaEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibUQvWnBsL05HR3UwQk1icWNCUEYrVThGSHE2c3FSelNudE55eGdmNFVrZjBLaXZvNGxSVWNXL1AwbkpsdWEvc1F2ZW1Fc" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9OUmZlQXdUdUJjcmRxbGo3TnlxVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS2JYRVQrQmtIbGQ4N1lHQ3ZlUTdUYW9ITCtaVERYZGRId0JaUENZNEJhcU13VVExVjdyaTJiYlR2eUpjWGR5UEwwdVVIMm9GcCsrYVVNTTdKbDloNzM0WTZhQXoyVExFNE9TcUdXWnRzUFBVOHJFSW5lVE5Vem92NGFrQ21BdGUiLCJtYWMiOiJlMzgxNDNmYzg4YjkwZDg4MjMxZWIyNDQ4MWI3Njk5MjkxOWZjYTA2MDg2ZGFiNDkzYzU5NWQxZmZlYTIwNzA2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9OUmZlQXdUdUJjcmRxbGo3TnlxVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS2JYRVQrQmtIbGQ4N1lHQ3ZlUTdUYW9ITCtaVERYZGRId0JaUENZNEJhcU13VVExVjdyaTJiYlR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "FLb8L368PyMsGmHi965K8S6dEQKbbCQjhHSvx18Z" "uc_cart_id" => "39185d93843a02e7e0406ebf4c0601a2" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3217" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:33GET/chapter/3217112192