Advances in Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer

Volume: 3

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Bubbling Fluidization

Author(s): Reza Zarghami, Navid Mostoufi, Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh and Jamal Chaouki

Pp: 300-331 (32)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805228811203010300

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Nonlinear time series analysis techniques were applied to characterise bubbling fluidization. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale fluidized bed, operated under ambient conditions and various sizes of particles, settled bed heights, measurement heights and superficial gas velocities. It was found that a minimum in average cycle frequency, wide band energy and entropy with an increase in the velocity corresponds to the transition between macro structures and finer structures of the fluidization system. This minimum was mostly found in the macro structures of the bubbling fluidization system. Hurst exponent of the pressure fluctuations showed that the fluidized bed has a bifractal behaviour. The reciprocal of the break point in the Hurst profile is similar to the domain frequency of the bed. The method of delays was used to reconstruct the state space attractor to carry out analysis in the reconstructed state space. The state space reconstruction parameters, i.e., time delay and embedding dimension, were determined and the results showed that their values are different for various types of methods introduced in literature. Chaotic behaviour of fluidized system was determined by introducing two nonlinear dynamic invariants, correlation dimension and entropy in different ways. The state-space analysis reflected that a low dimension behaviour of the bubbling fluidization system. The nonlinearity test showed that nonlinearity cannot be concluded at all gas velocities.


Keywords: Nonlinear, pressure fluctuation, hurst exponent, chaotic attractor, entropy, correlation dimension.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version183msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:15:22] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (92.78ms)time
  • Application (90.53ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (50.61%)
    92.78ms
    1 x Application (49.39%)
    90.53ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed35.72ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','',1,1739848522,1739848522) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739848522
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','/chapter/3206',1,1739848522,1739848522)
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) limit 1
      23.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51286341
      • 1: 51286341
      • 2: 51286341
      • 3: 51286341
      • 4: 51286341
      • 5: 51286341
      • 6: 51286341
      • 7: 51286341
      • 8: 51286341
      • 9: 51286341
      • 10: 51286341
      • 11: 51286341
      • 12: 51286341
      • 13: 51286341
      • 14: 51286341
      • 15: 51286341
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '3206' limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 3206
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '3206' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      950μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 3206
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '3206'
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 3206
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 52 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 52
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=52) and se.ebook_id!=52 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.89msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=52) and se.ebook_id!=52 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=52)
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=52) limit 10 offset 0
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 1005 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 1005
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 52 and ebook_volume_id <> 1005 limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 52
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3206' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '1005' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1005) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1005) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 1005)
      820μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3206) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3206) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848522 and j.to_date >= 1739848522 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3206)
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1005 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848522 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848522 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1005
      • 3: 1739848522
      • 4: 1739848522
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8
        uc_cart_id
        ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3206" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3206
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IndWRy9RRmdpVE1lRWVoazRCOHhZT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzh6MENhZlAyQkl6ZXZVZENkM29vS0hPMHZsVXZJNTM3THFKdFdPS3JzT2hURUZ3RmRUdk5rMXFHU0VGb0x4USIsIm1hYyI6IjM1YjVhYmM3YzQ2MDA4YmJmNGQ5NTViOTFiMjUzNmY4MDNiYjBlM2ViYTBjZmNiOGEzMWFiZmZhNTAyYmIyMTQiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkIwTTdXSjFZTDRycWkrb1djL1ExWkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNVZMRGRWcW9sYWFkaXZKZk1mLzFORHJzU0lZZXVSaEJVRHVXQVpxVVlNYnpFYWlIMmdwNXJINVVMTnFiWFFTMVQxSVZOUnBrQlNaMkNuaUhjZGxNWE9xOGlWQWN1V2ttRnIxdGJ0bDR0eVJ6cTFvR2xJcXRucVdtOHFKdFlWS1kiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZWEwODRjOWY1YjdhZmYyZWY5NWI1M2ExY2VmZjkwNjJmOTdjYjk3MjRlNjBlOTM1N2U3ODYxNTIyMWJiMGY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Iko3R09RcCs5eVgzelExUUNrV3JjMlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1hkdTVBdzZpTllHdjNvaUg4WS9FSmw1VFgzMi8rUEZHakM0RElRNXpWZkJJNnlNdkRObHhyUFJsd0M4L0RRVlRLVXExYVIra1dRcnMxUWdyVXg3RGtZSG82Z0c4RFRrdTBHNmdlR1cxd0M4RUVyVndWZlBxd2psalFHTTV3bVoiLCJtYWMiOiIzN2VkODQzYzM1YTc2YTZiYmM0Mzk5ZjdjZTc1NGU1MjFjMzJjZmU0YWMwZmIzMzFiM2UzNWI4MjQ4MTkwZTE3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IndWRy9RRmdpVE1lRWVoazRCOHhZT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzh6MENhZlAyQkl6ZXZVZENkM29vS0hPMHZsVXZJNTM3THFKdFdPS3JzT2hURUZ3RmRUdk5rMXFHU0VGb0x4USIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "9DN9XF4r22cv8WnRMa972FRidsxqO8wdgpHipn2z" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:15:22 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkUxbkdDcWk4VmwyeUs4TTJUTzN5VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWJjUnVwc3BtT29QSWdvYlArNzBvb2JxR05UWmNzWStNSHkwQXd2Q1JXdnErWEF0OXNKeEtXd1VQZEhrdzVxMFA5TGJaOUpLR2piRk9yb0lUakFiWWhUaGVHNGpmbSs2VWZ3YTQ0OVIwRFZqdjRia0luKzJBd05DRm4wbG1oZHYiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZjFmMTRhZGI2NmRjYmI3MDJjOWI1YzM0NzQ1ZjAzMjQ3OWI2ZTdjYWU5NjkyOTM1ZjBjMzZjMGJhM2ZiNjcwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:15:22 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkUxbkdDcWk4VmwyeUs4TTJUTzN5VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWJjUnVwc3BtT29QSWdvYlArNzBvb2JxR05UWmNzWStNSHkwQXd2Q1JXdnErWEF0OXNKeEtXd1VQZEhrdzVxMFA5TGJaO" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImVLdWJmclZXNmN4TXB0eXBvNFVzNnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1NXbjRoSWZxdWtMZVh2MjZFQ3V1VTl3bE5nRUh5ci9CUGdwcTVyVDhHdks4RGVXcG5maEpYeW5KZmZyNCttTVE4UjNFSDZ4TVFuZ0ZOS1laTjdLM0dnQTNjdUM0T0d4Z1UvT2xiWWwxa3FwTHY4MEhsRTlWRFVMclQwMU5Qc2UiLCJtYWMiOiIyZDc3ZWYwNjFiMzczYTRkOGI2ZWUxMmE4MDRlNmIxOGEzNjA5ZWU4NDg3NDgzNWQyZGQ5OGJlNmI5Nzk2MjQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImVLdWJmclZXNmN4TXB0eXBvNFVzNnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1NXbjRoSWZxdWtMZVh2MjZFQ3V1VTl3bE5nRUh5ci9CUGdwcTVyVDhHdks4RGVXcG5maEpYeW5" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkUxbkdDcWk4VmwyeUs4TTJUTzN5VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWJjUnVwc3BtT29QSWdvYlArNzBvb2JxR05UWmNzWStNSHkwQXd2Q1JXdnErWEF0OXNKeEtXd1VQZEhrdzVxMFA5TGJaOUpLR2piRk9yb0lUakFiWWhUaGVHNGpmbSs2VWZ3YTQ0OVIwRFZqdjRia0luKzJBd05DRm4wbG1oZHYiLCJtYWMiOiI0ZjFmMTRhZGI2NmRjYmI3MDJjOWI1YzM0NzQ1ZjAzMjQ3OWI2ZTdjYWU5NjkyOTM1ZjBjMzZjMGJhM2ZiNjcwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:15:22 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkUxbkdDcWk4VmwyeUs4TTJUTzN5VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQWJjUnVwc3BtT29QSWdvYlArNzBvb2JxR05UWmNzWStNSHkwQXd2Q1JXdnErWEF0OXNKeEtXd1VQZEhrdzVxMFA5TGJaO" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImVLdWJmclZXNmN4TXB0eXBvNFVzNnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1NXbjRoSWZxdWtMZVh2MjZFQ3V1VTl3bE5nRUh5ci9CUGdwcTVyVDhHdks4RGVXcG5maEpYeW5KZmZyNCttTVE4UjNFSDZ4TVFuZ0ZOS1laTjdLM0dnQTNjdUM0T0d4Z1UvT2xiWWwxa3FwTHY4MEhsRTlWRFVMclQwMU5Qc2UiLCJtYWMiOiIyZDc3ZWYwNjFiMzczYTRkOGI2ZWUxMmE4MDRlNmIxOGEzNjA5ZWU4NDg3NDgzNWQyZGQ5OGJlNmI5Nzk2MjQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImVLdWJmclZXNmN4TXB0eXBvNFVzNnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK1NXbjRoSWZxdWtMZVh2MjZFQ3V1VTl3bE5nRUh5ci9CUGdwcTVyVDhHdks4RGVXcG5maEpYeW5" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8" "uc_cart_id" => "ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3206" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:15:22GET/chapter/3206112198